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Table 3 Country and sex specific comparison of control items

From: Adverse health effects of low levels of perceived control in Swedish and Russian community samples

 

Men

Women

Item

Swe

Rus

Diff

(95% CI)

p-value for difference

Swe

Rus

Diff

(95% CI)

p-value for difference

 

mean

mean

  

mean

mean

  

Item 1 At home, I feel I have control over what happens in most situations

4.38

4.23

0.15 (0.04,0.26)

0.007

4.32

4.25

0.07

(-0.04,0.18)

0.21

Item 2 Keeping healthy depends on things that I can do

4.03

4.09

-0.06**

(-0.18,0.06)

0.32

3.81

4.13

-0.32**

(-0.43,-0.20)

< 0.001

Item 3 There are certain things I can do for myself to reduce the risk of a heart attack

4.37

3.38

0.99 (0.84,1.14)

< 0.001'

4.37

3.55

0.82 (0.68,0.96)

< 0.001

Item 4 There are certain things I can do for myself to reduce the risk of getting cancer

3.62

2.13

1.49 (1.32,1.67)

< 0.001

3.50

2.28

1.22 (1.05,1.39)

< 0.001

Item 5* I feel that what happens in my life is often determined by factors beyond my control

2.21

1.81

0.40 (0.25,0.54)

< 0.001

1.94

1.60

0.34 (0.20,0.47)

< 0.001

Item 6 Over the next 5–10 years I expect to have many more positive than negative experiences

3.91

3.02

0.89 (0.73,1.05)

< 0.001

3.96

3.11

0.85 (0.69,1.01)

< 0.001

Item 7* I often have the feeling that I am being treated unfairly

3.95

2.88

1.07 (0.92,1.22)

< 0.001

3.76

2.66

1.09 (0.93,1.25)

< 0.001

Item 8* In the past ten years my life has been full of changes without my knowing what will happen next

2.68

1.90

0.78 (0.61,0.95)

< 0.001

2.19

1.69

0.50 (0.34,0.67)

< 0.001

Item 9* I very often have the feeling that there's little meaning in the things I do in my daily life

3.33

3.78

-0.46**

(-0.61,-0.31)

< 0.001

3.25

3.48

-0.23**

(-0.39,-0.07)

0.005

Item 10* I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life

3.86

3.59

0.28 (0.12,0.43)

< 0.001

3.87

3.43

0.44 (0.28,0.60)

< 0.001

Item 11* I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago

4.18

3.68

0.50 (0.35,0.65)

< 0.001

4.02

3.41

0.61 (0.44,0.77)

< 0.001

  1. *item used in reverse order in the table to have 0 as low control and 5 as high control
  2. ** items in italics are those with higher control among Russian subjects