Table 1 Predictors of risk for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in the slums of Kolkata, India, 2003–2004
From: Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India
Variables | A | B | C | A vs. C | B vs. C | A vs. B |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Typhoid fever Cases (n = 80) | Paratyphoid fever Cases (n = 47) | Neither typhoid nor paratyphoid (n = 56,819) | OR* (P-value) | OR* (P-value) | OR* (P-value) |
Demographics | ||||||
Age (mean, in years) | 14.7 | 17.1 | 27.9 | 0.94 (<.01) | 0.95 (<.01) | 0.98 (.23) |
Female | 37 (46%) | 19 (40%) | 26,147 (46%) | 0.97 (.91) | 0.77 (.39) | 1.25 (.54) |
Illiterate | 30 (38%) | 12 (25%) | 14,547 (26%) | 1.28 (.30) | 0.78 (.48) | 1.74 (.17) |
Percent household members under 15 years (mean, %) | 35% | 28% | 29% | 0.99 (.43) | 0.98 (.04) | 1.01 (.20) |
Percent illiterate household members (mean, %) | 35% | 24% | 27% | 1.00 (.32) | 0.99 (.20) | 1.01 (.06) |
Illiterate household head | 29 (36%) | 11 (23%) | 16,117 (28%) | 1.23 (.36) | 0.68 (.27) | 2.19 (.07) |
Muslim individuals | 46 (58%) | 21 (45%) | 23,749 (42%) | 1.33 (.20) | 0.84 (.55) | 1.63 (.18) |
Socio-economic status | ||||||
Renting accommodation | 63 (79%) | 29 (62%) | 38,950 (69%) | 1.44 (.18) | 0.64 (.14) | 2.26 (.04) |
Household owning refrigerator | 4 (5%) | 3 (6%) | 9,956 (18%) | 0.28 (.01) | 0.36 (.08) | 0.74 (.71) |
Household owning phone | 4 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 8,745 (15%) | 0.36 (.05) | 0.29 (.08) | 1.03 (.96) |
Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene | ||||||
Household uses latrine for defecation | 79 (99%) | 46 (98%) | 52,858 (93%) | 5.32 (.09) | 3.16 (.25) | 1.78 (.68) |
Always wash hands after defecation | 47 (59%) | 31 (66%) | 38,227 (67%) | 0.77 (.25) | 1.02 (.92) | 0.71 (.38) |
Using tap water for drinking | 76 (95%) | 47 (100%) | 55,641 (98%) | 0.37 (.06) | -- | -- |
Drinking water neither boiled nor filtered | 77 (96%) | 45 (96%) | 52,392 (92%) | 1.72 (.35) | 1.57 (.53) | 1.16 (.86) |
No/rarely taken food from street vendor | 39 (49%) | 23 (49%) | 22,783 (40%) | 1.50 (.07) | 1.50 (.16) | 0.97 (.94) |
Location | ||||||
Distance to water bodies from the household (meters) | 152 | 149 | 152 | 0.99 (.35) | 0.99 (.47) | 1.00 (.90) |
Population within a 50 meter radius | 3065 | 2962 | 2560 | 1.00 (.25) | 1.00 (.49) | 1.00 (.88) |