High prevalence of lack of knowledge of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction inPakistan and its contribution to delayed presentationto the hospital

Khan, Muhammad S; Jafary, Fahim H; Faruqui, Azhar M; Rasool, Syed I; Hatcher, Juanita; Chaturvedi, Nish; Jafar, Tazeen H

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-284

Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects with first acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan

From: High prevalence of lack of knowledge of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction inPakistan and its contribution to delayed presentationto the hospital

Variable	Delayed*		Not delayed		P-value
	n 244	% 33.9	n 476	% 66.1
Age					0.434
Younger ≤ 45 years	62	25.4	134	28.2
Older > 45 years	182	74.6	342	71.8
Sex					0.213
Male	197	80.7	365	76.7
Female	47	19.3	111	23.3
Marital status					0.715
Married	220	90.2	425	89.3
Single	24	9.8	51	10.7
Formal education					0.151
Yes	160	65.6	286	60.1
No	84	34.4	190	39.9
Ethnicity					0.987
Urdu	179	73.4	345	72.5
Sindhi	20	8.2	41	8.6
Punjabi	14	5.7	30	6.3
Other§	31	12.7	60	12.6
Type of family system					0.546
Nuclear	87	35.7	159	33.4
Joint	157	64.3	317	66.6
Ownership of television					0.109
Yes	136	56.0	294	62.2
No	107	44.0	179	37.8
Family history of heart disease					0.895
Yes	89	36.5	176	37.0
No	155	63.5	300	63.0
Distance from hospital (in KM)					0.195
< 10 Km	65	26.6	149	31.3
≥ 10 Km	179	73.4	327	68.7
Employment					0.286
Yes	121	49.6	256	53.8
No	123	50.4	220	46.2
Smoking status					0.345
Never smoked	116	47.5	244	51.3
Past or current smoker	128	52.5	232	48.7
Exercise€					0.559
Yes	9	3.7	22	4.6
No	235	96.3	454	95.4
Income (in PKRS)					0.885
> 1000	15	6.1	32	6.7
5000–10000	96	39.3	195	41.0
< 5000	120	49.2	220	46.2
Didn't reveal	13	5.3	29	6.1
Severity of pain					<0.001
Severe	64	26.2	353	74.2
Moderate	85	34.8	68	14.3
Mild	95	38.9	55	11.6
Chest pain					0.650
Yes	237	97.1	465	97.7
No	7	2.9	11	2.3
Ghbrahat (Uneasiness)					0.339
Yes	232	95.1	444	93.3
No	12	4.9	32	6.7
Shortness of breath					0.406
Yes	215	88.1	429	90.1
No	29	11.9	47	9.9
Palpitation					0.005
Yes	192	78.7	413	86.8
No	52	21.3	63	13.2
Diaphoresis					0.040
Yes	224	91.8	439	92.2
No	20	8.2	37	7.8
Known Hypertension					0.840
Yes	107	43.9	205	43.1
No	137	56.1	271	56.9
Known Diabetes mellitus					0.893
Yes	66	27.0	131	27.5
No	178	73.0	345	72.5
Knowledge of modifiable risk factors					0.004
Yes	31	12.7	103	21.6
No	213	87.3	373	78.4
Knowledge of symptoms of heart attack					0.004
Yes	31	12.7	103	21.6
No	213	87.3	373	78.4

* Time interval from the onset of symptoms to presentation to the hospital was ≥ 6 hours
§ include Rajistani, Bangoli, Gujrati, Marhwi, Katchi, Sirayki or Hindi
€ Exercise (that lasted for at least 20 minutes with hard breathing and sweating for at least 3 days/week)

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpublichealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Public Health

Contact us