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Table 2 Rates of death in winter and non-winter months, ratio of rates and relative change in winter:non-winter ratios for all causes of death; 1996–2000

From: Trends and determinants of excess winter mortality in New Zealand: 1980 to 2000

  

Rate per 1000 person years (No of deaths)*

Winter:non-winter ratio (95% CI)§

  

Winter

Non-winter

 

ICD 10 Chapter‡

   

   I

Infection

5.4 (332)

3.4 (422)

1.68 (1.38, 2.05)

   II

Neoplasms

214.9 (13184)

206.7 (25297)

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

   III

Blood etc.

18.7 (1150)

14.0 (1719)

1.26 (1.11, 1.43)

   IV

Endocrine etc.

28.3 (7733)

23.8 (2916)

1.25 (1.12, 1.39)

   VI

Mental

4.4 (271)

4.9 (602)

0.91 (0.70, 1.18)

   VI

Nervous

16.6 (1017)

14.0 (1716)

1.11 (0.96, 1.27)

   VII

Eye

0.0 (0)

0.0 (2)

 

   VIII

Ear

0.1 (5)

0.1 (13)

0.75 (0.21, 2.72)

   IX

Circulatory

350.2 (21482)

287.5 (35189)

1.20 (1.15, 1.24)

   X

Respiratory

97.9 (6005)

57.4 (7027)

1.83 (1.71, 1.96)

   XI

Digestive

21.5 (1319)

18.4 (2247)

1.25 (1.11, 1.40)

   XII

Skin

1.9 (114)

1.5 (184)

1.29 (0.97, 1.71)

   XIII

Musculoskeletal

6.1 (375)

5.1 (626)

1.14 (0.94, 1.39)

   XIV

Genitourinary

10.9 (667)

9.5 (1167)

1.11 (0.96, 1.29)

   XV

Pregnancy

0.1 (4)

0.1 (15)

0.87 (0.25, 3.03)

   XVI

Perinatal

3.6 (223)

3.6 (436)

0.95 (0.76, 1.19)

   XVII

Congenital

5.4 (333)

4.9 (605)

1.15 (0.94, 1.41)

   XVIII

Symptoms

4.2 (256)

3.1 (381)

1.47 (1.20, 1.81)

   XIX

Injury

45.0 (2760)

47.3 (5789)

0.93 (0.91, 1.08)

  1. * No of deaths in winter correspond to a 4 month period; non-winter, an 8 month period
  2. ‡ I: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases; II: Neoplasms; III: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; V: Mental and Behavioural disorders; VI: Diseases of the nervous system; VII: Diseases of the eye and adnexa; VIII: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process; IX: Diseases of the circulatory system; X: Diseases of the respiratory system; XI: Diseases of the digestive system; XII: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue; XIV: Diseases of the genitourinary system; XV: Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium; XVI: Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period; XVII: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; XVIII: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified; XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes.
  3. § Generalised negative binomial regression model; overdispersion a linear combination of year
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BMC Public Health

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