From: The association between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review
Study | Effect measure (lag in brackets) | Over what unit of turbidity | Positive Lags (days) | Measure of population impact |
---|---|---|---|---|
Schwartz, US (1997) [17] | Between 5–31% increase in A&E visits and admissions at various lags. | 0.04 NTU | 1, 4, 6–7†, 7–9†, 8, 10, 13 | None stated. |
Morris, US (1998) [23] | TERS plots suggest weak correlations; no statistical significance testing. | N/A | None. | N/A |
Schwartz, US (2000) [24] | Between 5–15% (9–11) increase in admissions; 4–6 lag also significant for one plant; effect greater in those over 75 years (p < 0.0001) | 0.035 NTU | 4–6†, 9, 10, 11, 9–11†| None stated. |
Aramini, Canada (2000) [20] | Relative rates and odds ratios between 1.2 and 2.0 for different watershed/age combinations. | * | 3–6†, 6–9†, 12–16†, 21–29†| <2% GI illness estimated to be attributable to drinking water |
Lim, Canada (2002) [25] | No significant measures of effect reported. | N/A | None. | N/A |
Gilbert, Canada (2006) [22] | Relative rates of 1.33 (11), 1.53 (15) and 1.76 (17). | * | 11, 15, 17 | None stated. |