Progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of population growth, immunization, and access to clean water

Table 1 Trends in under-five mortality, population growth, access to clean water, and child vaccination

		First Survey Year^a	Last Survey Year^a	Under-five mortality rate^b	Urban population growth^c	Access to safe drinking water^d	Full vaccination^e
1	Benin	1996	2001	-2.3	5.6	2.8	2.2
2	Burkina Faso	1992/93	2003	-0.8	6.3	2.8	-0.5
3	Cameroon	1991	2004	-0.1	5.0	0.1	0.6
4	Chad	1996/97	2004	-0.8	4.1	8.1	0.3
5	Côte d'Ivoire	1994	1998/99	0.9	4.7	0.3	5.7
6	Eritrea	1995	2002	-5.6	3.6	1.7	1.6
7	Ghana	1993	2003	0.3	4.6	-0.5	0.6
8	Kenya	1993	2003	2.2	7.4	-2.0	-4.1
9	Madagascar	1992	2003/04	-5.6	4.7	-1.5	1.6
10	Malawi	1992	2004	-4.6	5.8	-0.8	-1.7
11	Mali	1995/96	2001	-0.6	5.2	3.3	-0.6
12	Mozambique	1997	2003	-0.8	6.7	-2.7	-0.8
13	Namibia	1992	2000	-6.7	4.9	0.2	1.9
14	Niger	1992	1998	-2.7	5.8	0.7	0.2
15	Nigeria	1990	2003	1.2	5.3	-4.9	-5.4
16	Rwanda	1992	2000	-1.2	7.8	1.1	-2.3
17	Senegal	1992/93	1997	-2.9	4.3	0.1	3.3
18	Tanzania	1992	2004	-3.2	7.2	-1.2	-0.2
19	Togo	1988	1998	-2.6	5.3	0.8	1.5
20	Uganda	1995	2000/01	-5.0	5.0	6.6	-5.1
21	Zambia	1992	2001/02	-0.8	2.2	-0.9	0.3
22	Zimbabwe	1994	1999	1.8	4.9	0.2	-5.0

^aFirst and last demographic and health surveys (DHS) carried out between the 1990s and the 2000s.
^bAnnual variation of urban under-five mortality rate. Source: DHS.
^cAnnual growth of urban population (1980–2000). Source: Population Division, United Nations.
^dAnnual variation of the percentage of urban households with access to safe drinking water. Source: DHS.
^eAnnual variation of the percentage of urban children aged 12–23 months who are fully immunized. Source: DHS.

ISSN: 1471-2458