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Table 5 Multivariable linear regression models for change in BMI for women and men

From: Changes in body mass index in Canadians over a five-year period: Results of a prospective, population-based study

Variable

Women Parameter Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals

Men Parameter Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals

Intercept

3.6 (2.8, 4.3)

1.2 (0.5, 2.0)

Region of Canada (Reference = Central)

  

   East

-0.82 (-1.09, -0.55)

-0.66 (-0.99, -0.32)

   Quebec

-0.50 (-0.78, -0.22)

-0.54 (-0.88, -0.20)

   Ontario

-0.39 (-0.61, -0.16)

-0.35 (-0.62, -0.08)

   West

-0.24 (-0.47, -0.00)

-0.45 (-0.73, -0.16)

Age at baseline (Reference = 75+)

  

   25–34

1.97 (0.23, 3.71)

1.55 (1.10, 2.00)

   35–44

2.13 (1.59, 2.68)

1.19 (0.76, 1.63)

   45–54

1.64 (1.34, 1.94)

0.75 (0.40, 1.10)

   55–64

1.11 (0.88, 1.35)

0.76 (0.43, 1.09)

   65–74

0.69 (0.46, 0.92)

0.41 (0.09, 0.73)

Annual Household Income (Reference = < $20,000)

  

   $21,000–$40,000

0.13 (-0.07, 0.33)

0.28 (-0.04, 0.60)

   $41,000–$60,000

0.08 (-0.16, 0.32)

0.44 (0.10, 0.78)

   $61,000–$80,000

0.44 (0.13, 0.74)

0.36 (-0.01, 0.74)

   > $80,000

0.18 (-0.12, 0.48)

0.65 (0.27, 1.02)

Education (Reference = University degree(s))

  

   < High school diploma

0.31 (0.06, 0.55)

0.12 (-0.14, 0.39)

   High school or Trade school diploma

0.25 (0.02, 0.48)

0.32 (0.07, 0.56)

   Some University, or University certificate/diploma

0.36 (0.08, 0.64)

0.10 (-0.20, 0.40)

Average level of pain, past week (reference = no pain)

  

   Mild to moderate, prevents no activities

0.19 (0.01, 0.37)

0.11 (-0.11, 0.33)

   Moderate, prevents a few activities

0.08 (-0.12, 0.28)

-0.12 (-0.40, 0.16)

   Moderate to severe, prevents some activities

0.34 (0.06, 0.63)

0.02 (-0.39, 0.43)

   Severe pain that prevents most activities

0.00 (-0.66, 0.67)

0.04 (-0.76, 0.85)

Smoking status (reference = quit smoking)

  

   Current smoker

-0.49 (-0.74, -0.24)

-0.18 (-0.46, 0.09)

   Never smoked

-0.12 (-0.27; 0.04)

-0.01 (-0.21, 0.19)

Number of live births

-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)

n/a

Alcohol/week (Reference = None)

  

   1 to 6 (WOMEN) or 1 to 13 (MEN)

0.06 (-0.10, 0.21)

-0.09 (-0.30, 0.13)

   7 or more (WOMEN) or 14 or more (MEN)

-0.16 (-0.39, 0.07)

-0.25 (-0.55, 0.05)

Menopausal status (reference = menopaused at baseline)

  

   Not menopaused

-0.16 (-0.50, 0.17)

n/a

   Menopaused in the past 5 years

-0.15 (-0.49, 0.20)

 

Change, participation in regular activity (reference = did not, do now)

  

   Did not, and do not now (no, no)

0.28 (0.05, 0.52)

0.42 (0.12, 0.71)

   Did, but do not anymore (yes, no)

0.28 (0.04, 0.53)

0.27 (-0.04, 0.58)

   Did and still do (yes, yes)

0.24 (0.01, 0.47)

0.17 (-0.11, 0.45)

Change, number of sedentary hours (reference = high to low)

  

   Low to high

0.32 (0.09, 0.56)

0.52 (0.22, 0.83)

   High at baseline, stayed high

0.13 (-0.08, 0.33)

0.23 (-0.03, 0.49)

   Low at baseline, stayed low

0.17 (-0.04, 0.38)

0.38 (0.13, 0.64)

Change in how happy they usually feel (reference = improved)

  

   Decline in how happy they usually feel

-0.37 (-0.65, -0.10)

-0.33 (-0.66, 0.01)

   Feel about the same

-0.23 (-0.44, -0.02)

-0.09 (-0.35, 0.17)

Perception of general health (reference = poor, and stayed that way)

  

   High, dropped to poor

0.38 (0.15, 0.60)

0.13 (-0.17, 0.43)

   Poor, went to high

0.02 (-0.22, 0.27)

0.29 (0.04, 0.53)

   Perception of health stayed high

0.12 (-0.06, 0.31)

0.11 (-0.12, 0.33)

  1. The first eight variables are based on baseline data; the remaining 5 represent change between baseline and the 5-year follow-up.