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Table 3 Variations in cause specific mortality in Northern Ireland for 'people aged 25–74 years, by area of residence. Data represent hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) from Cox's proportional hazards modeling, fully adjusted for age, sex, marital status, denomination and social class.

From: Urban and rural variations in morbidity and mortality in Northern Ireland

Cause of Death (no. of deaths)

City

Intermediate

Rural

All causes (20,679)

1.00

0.94 *** (0.91, 0.97)

0.78 *** (0.75, 0.81)

Circulatory disease (6,711)

1.00

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

0.84 *** (0.79, 0.90)

Ischaemic heart disease (4,086)

1.00

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.88 *** (0.81, 0.96)

Stroke (1,362)

1.00

0.85 * (0.75, 0.97)

0.73 *** (0.64, 0.84)

Respiratory disease (2,015)

1.00

0.83 *** (0.75, 0.91)

0.62 *** (0.55, 0.7)

All Malignancies (7,867)

1.00

0.92 *** (0.87, 0.97)

0.79 *** (0.74, 0.84)

Lung cancer (1,890)

1.00

0.78 *** (0.7, 0.87)

0.57 *** (0.5, 0.65)

Breast (694)

1.00

1.03 (0.86, 1.22)

0.93 (0.77, 1.13)

All external causes (852)

1.00

1.14 (0.97, 1.33)

1.10 (0.92, 1.31)

Accidents (470)

1.00

1.11 (0.89, 1.37)

1.13 (0.90, 1.43)

Suicides (339)

1.00

1.18 (0.92, 1.51)

1.05 (0.79, 1.39)

Other Causes (3,234)

1.00

0.90 ** (0.83, 0.97)

0.66 *** (0.60, 0.73)

  1. Statistical significance: *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05
  2. Source: Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (Mortality Study)