PRISM (Program of Resources, Information and Support for Mothers): a community-randomised trial to reduce depression and improve women's physical health six months after birth [ISRCTN03464021]

Table 5 Mental health outcomes in universal postnatal intervention trials

Author and year	Outcome measure	Timing of outcome assessment	Prevalence of probable depression I vs C (%)	RR [95% CI] of depression OR [95% CI] of depression EPDS mean score
Gunn 1998 [39]	EPDS ≥ 13 EPDS mean score	3 months 6 months 3 months 6 months	16.8 vs 13.6 11.6 vs 12.8	RR 1.24 [0.81 to 1.90] RR 0.91 [0.56 to 1.48] 7.38 vs 7.48 5.87 vs 6.08
Morell 2000 [40,41]	EPDS ≥ 12 EPDS mean score	6 weeks 6 months 6 weeks 6 months	17.8 vs 18.0 18.9 vs 21.6	RR 0.98 [0.69 to 1.41] RR 0.89 [0.62 to 1.27] 7.4 vs 6.7 6.6 vs 6.7
MacArthur 2002 [44, 45]	EPDS ≥ 13, multi-level modelling EPDS mean of cluster means	4 months 4 months	14.4 vs 21.3	OR_adj 0.57 [0.43 to 0.76] 6.40 vs 8.06
Reid 2002 [42, 43]	EPDS ≥ 12 EPDS mean score	3 months 6 months 3 months 6 months	14.6 vs 11.7 14.8 vs 9.6	RR_w 1.21 [0.79 to 1.85] ¶ RR_w 1.55 [0.95 to 2.52] ¶ C P G PG 5.9 vs 5.6 vs 6.1 vs 6.1 5.0 vs 5.7 vs 5.4 vs 5.3
Priest 2003 [46]	Depression by DSM-IV criteria	Depression diagnosis during 1^st postnatal year	17.8 vs 18.2	RR 0.98 [0.80 to1.02]
PRISM 2005	EPDS ≥ 13 EPDS mean score	6 months 6 months	15.7 vs 14.9	OR _adj1.06 [0.91 to 1,24] 6.8 vs 6.9

¶ Probable depression outcomes for the intervention subgroups (information pack ((P), invitation to group (G) or both (PG)) were pooled and compared with standard care (no pack, no group); RR_w Mantel-Haenszel weighted relative risk

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