Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older: a cross-sectional analysis

Table 3 Odds ratios of gait speed impairment due to the presence versus the absence of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and the syndrome itself by gender, NHANES 1999–2002

Metabolic disorder	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted model 1^a OR (95% CI)	Adjusted model 2^b OR (95% CI)	Adjusted model 3^c OR (95% CI)
Men
Abdominal obesity	0.81 (0.53–1.24)	0.85 (0.52–1.37)	0.80 (0.49–1.32)	1.07 (0.65–1.76)
Hypertriglyceridemia	0.79 (0.55–1.14)	0.86 (0.58–1.30)	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	0.92 (0.54–1.56)
Low HDL cholesterol	0.99 (0.69–1.43)	0.98 (0.67–1.45)	1.05 (0.65–1.72)	0.83 (0.54–1.28)
High blood pressure or medication use	1.69 (1.08–2.64)	1.24 (0.76–2.03)	1.28 (0.77–2.13)	1.11 (0.65–1.89)
High fasting glucose or medication use	1.31 (0.91–1.89)	1.13 (0.75–1.70)	1.19 (0.79–1.79)	1.14 (0.73–1.76)
Metabolic syndrome	1.15 (0.80–1.65)	1.10 (0.73–1.66)	N/A	1.15 (0.76–1.74)^d
Women
Abdominal obesity	0.87 (0.53–1.44)	0.72 (0.42–1.21)	0.48 (0.26–0.89)	0.37 (0.18–0.76)
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.09 (0.70–1.71)	0.96 (0.57–1.59)	0.68 (0.36–1.30)	0.59 (0.31–1.10)
Low HDL cholesterol	1.65 (0.98–2.77)	1.88 (1.04–3.41)	2.26 (1.08–4.75)	2.45 (1.07–5.63)
High blood pressure or medication use	2.57 (1.22–5.39)	1.30 (0.61–2.77)	1.33 (0.61–2.92)	1.00 (0.45–2.22)
High fasting glucose or medication use	2.42 (1.60–3.68)	1.90 (1.14–3.17)	2.05 (1.12–3.74)	1.84 (0.84–4.03)
Metabolic syndrome	1.41 (0.91–2.17)	1.20 (0.75–1.91)	N/A	0.89 (0.51–1.53)^d

NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; N/A, not applicable.
^aAdjusted for age (continuous) and METs/week (0, >0-<22.5, 22.5-<35, ≥35).
^bAdditional adjustment for other components of the metabolic syndrome (each component: yes/no).
^cAdjusted for all the above plus race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white; non-Hispanic black; Mexican American; other), education (<high school, ≥high school), smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, moderate, heavy), arthritis status (dichotomous), and use of an assistive device (dichotomous).
^dAdjusted for all of the above except the individual components of the metabolic syndrome (i.e., age [continuous], METs/week, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, arthritis status, and use of an assistive device).

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