Skip to main content

Table 3 Trends in HIV prevalence by selected socio-demographic characteristics in rural and urban areas of Zambia, results of multivariate logistic regression and chi square tests for linear trend, 1995–2003: Age group15–24 years

From: Steep HIV prevalence declines among young people in selected Zambian communities: population-based observations (1995–2003)

   

Males

Females

   

Adjusted Odds Ratio(95%CI): reference time, 1995

 

§MH χ2 for Linear trend, 1995–2003:

Adjusted Odds Ratio(95%CI): reference time, 1995

 

§MH χ2 for Linear trend, 1995–2003:

   

1999

2003

P value

1999

2003

P value

R

Education (~age)

       
  

0–7 years

2.05(0.63–6.61)

0.69(0.17–2.80)

0.495

0.66(0.34–1.26)

0.43(0.19–0.93)

0.084

U

 

8–9 years

0.84(0.34–2.04)

0.40(0.09–1.78)

0.670

0.86(0.38–1.93)

0.25(0.05–1.26)

0.002

  

≥10 years

1.26(0.11–13.8)

0.16(0.11–0.25)

0.113

0.29(0.08–11.1)

0.10(0.01–7.34)

0.004

R

Marital status

Single

1.57(0.57–4.36)

0.58(0.21–1.64)

0.383

1.45(0.29–7.24)

0.36(0.04–2.98)

0.028

  

Married

0.79(0.22–2.88)

0.14(0.02–1.30)

0.187

0.42(0.23–0.76)

0.29(0.13–0.68)

0.001*

A

Employed

Yes

0.75(0.36–1.59)

0.38(0.13–1.09)

0.194

1.59(0.15–17.2)

0.43(0.04–5.01)

0.215

  

No

2.30(0.77–6.90)

0.44(0.13–1.56)

0.338

0.65(0.37–1.13)

0.33(0.14–0.78)

0.001*

 

Travels

Never

1.79(0.65–4.92)

0.68(0.31–1.48)

0.496

0.56(0.9–1.58)

0.35(0.13–0.97)

0.089

L

 

Sometimes

1.06(0.41–2.77)

0.18(0.05–0.60)

0.259

0.62(0.27–1.45)

0.27(0.11–0.68)

0.001*

  

Often

1.21(0.49–2.99)

0.44(0.15–1.33)

0.396

0.47(0.16–1.39)

0.21(0.01–4.91)

0.113

 

Duration lived

<1 year

#*

0.32(0.01–22.1)

0.649

0.33(0.08–1.39)

0.41(0.08–2.14)

0.087

 

(In current residence)

1–5 yrs

1.77(0.53–5.92)

0.65(0.12–3.41)

0.565

0.85(0.39–1.88)

0.34(0.12–0.97)

0.058

  

≥6 yrs

1.92(0.43–8.56)

0.28(0.03–2.31)

0.184

0.51(0.15–1.72)

0.23(0.08–0.69)

0.003

 

Migration

Village

1.12(0.42–2.99)

1.07(0.30–3.79)

0.711

0.44(0.21–0.90)

0.18(0.06–0.55)

0.002

 

(origin 5 years)

Town

0.59(0.03–9.98)

0.01(0.00–0.13)

0.456

1.46(0.32–6.52)

0.75(0.20–2.77)

0.494

 

Given birth

Yes

--

--

 

0.65(0.39–1.08)

0.42(19–0.89)

0.005

 

(ever): age, 15–24

No

--

--

 

0.45(0.21–0.96)

0.09(0.02–0.51)

0.001

U

Education (~age)

       
  

0–7 years

6.69(2.47–18.1)

1.45(0.22–9.40)

0.634

0.65(0.39–1.07)

0.79(0.43–1.43)

0.674

R

 

8–9 years

0.42(0.06–2.78)

0.57(0.22–1.49)

0.885

1.20(0.66–2.18)

0.59(0.33–1.07)

0.110

  

≥10 years

0.94(0.45–1.95)

0.29(0.14–0.60)

0.001*

0.79(0.34–1.79)

0.38(0.19–0.79)

0.001*

B

Marital status

Single

1.29(0.66–2.53)

0.56(0.32–0.95)

0.011

1.09(0.68–1.74)

0.57(0.36–0.88)

0.002

  

Married

1.03(0.69–1.55)

0.70(0.46–1.06)

0.306

0.49(0.30–0.80)

0.38(0.25–0.58)

0.003

A

Employed

Yes

1.89(0.35–10.2)

0.98(0.25–3.93)

0.454

1.02(0.39–2.66)

0.41(0.19–0.86)

0.232

  

No

1.07(0.51–2.23)

0.41(0.23–0.73)

0.003

0.86(0.56–1.32)

0.53(0.34–0.83)

0.001*

N

Travels

Never

1.12(0.48–2.60)

0.79(0.34–1.87)

0.208

0.96(0.66–1.40)

0.58(0.39–0.85)

0.025

  

Sometimes

1.45(0.34–6.19)

0.16(0.04–0.71)

0.003

0.86(0.51–1.45)

0.46(0.26–0.81)

0.001*

  

Often

0.86(0.13–5.63)

0.99(0.19–5.21)

0.983

0.38(0.02–9.51)

0.32(0.06–1.84)

0.001*

 

Duration lived

<1 year

4.67(0.93–23.2)

0.51(0.16–1.62)

0.571

0.87(0.44–1.74)

0.66(0.33–1.35)

0.638

 

(In current residence)

1–5 yrs

0.63(0.23–1.72)

0.33(0.16–0.69)

0.034

0.68(0.48–0.96)

0.42(0.26–0.67)

0.001*

  

≥6 yrs

1.60(0.22–11.5)

1.38(0.23–8.26)

0.353

1.26(0.46–3.40)

0.47(0.15–1.45)

0.001*

 

Migration

Village

1.49(0.37–6.12)

0.46(0.07–2.98)

0.902

1.19(0.32–4.45)

1.09(0.24–4.99)

0.865

 

(origin 5 years)

Town

1.08(0.31–3.74)

0.38(0.18–0.79)

0.068

0.71(0.48–1.08)

0.47(0.30–0.74)

0.001*

 

Given birth

Yes

--

--

 

0.65(0.51–0.86)

0.47(0.30–0.74)

0.002

 

(ever): age, 15–24

No

--

--

 

0.96(0.67–1.38)

0.65(0.41–0.98)

0.129

  1. Notes: 1. § MH denotes Mantel-Haenszel chi square for linear trend, (1 degree of freedom) with continuity correction and statistically significant trends are highlighted in bold b) *signifies P < 0.001 2. Variables included in the model per strata were age, marital status, employment, religion, travel patterns, duration lived in current residence, migration origin in last five years and ever given birth for females 3. The effect of education was significantly different between age groups (interaction P = 0.021 in 1995, P < 0.001 in 1999&2003), hence the "age*education" interaction term included in the models. 4. Samples size in 1995, 1999 and 2003 and were 1548, 1721 and 2228 respectively 5. #* No respondent had HIV in 1999 (n = 32)