Risk factor | Model 1* | Model 2* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) | ||
Multiple gestation | 8.5 (7.9–9.1) | 12.4 (11.5–13.5) | 11.7 (10.7–12.8) | |
Multiparous | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.4 (0.4–0.4) | 0.4 (0.4–0.4) | |
Gestation period (weeks) | < 37 | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | - | - |
≥ 42 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | |
Maternal age (years) | < 20 | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) |
≥ 35 | 2.2 (2.1–2.2) | 1.9 (1.9–2.0) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | |
Malpresentation | 206.8 (175.4–243.8) | 468.0 (396.6–552.3) | 481.2 (404.3–572.8) | |
Prolapsed cord | 24.5 (9.9–60.7) | 61.7 (24.4–156.1) | 107.0 (32.9–347.9) | |
Antepartum hemorrhage, abruptio placenta, and previa placenta | 35.3 (30.0–41.6) | 95.6 (81.0–112.8) | 86.9 (72.5–104.2) | |
Previous CS history | 100.8 (92.6–109.7) | 291.0 (266.6–317.7) | 287.2 (261.6–315.3) | |
Insufficient or excessive fetal growth | 6.9 (6.0–7.9) | 13.1 (11.4–15.2) | 13.0 (11.0–15.2) | |
Genital herpes | 5.0 (3.0–8.2) | 10.4 (6.1–17.7) | 8.0 (4.4–14.5) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | 3.1 (2.5–3.7) | 2.8 (2.3–3.5) | |
Anemia | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) | 3.6 (3.2–4.0) | 3.3 (2.9–3.7) | |
Cardiac disease | 3.2 (2.2–4.6) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 5.1 (3.2–8.3) | |
Arterial hypertension | 2.8 (2.4–3.3) | 4.4 (3.7–5.3) | 4.4 (3.6–5.4) | |
Eclampsia/preeclampsia | 8.2 (7.2–9.4) | 15.4 (13.4–17.8) | 14.6 (12.5–17.1) | |
Polyhydramnios/oligohydramnios | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 3.7 (2.8–4.8) | |
Infection of amniotic cavity | 6.5 (5.0–8.6) | 11.3 (8.5–15.1) | 11.5 (8.3–16.0) | |
Congenital/acquired abnormality of cervix or vagina | 9.8 (4.6–20.8) | 19.8 (8.9–44.0) | 19.6 (8.7–44.6) | |
Premature labor | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | |
Premature rupture of the membrane | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | |
Cervical incompetence | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 2.8 (1.7–4.6) | - |