| < 70 years n = 1262 | ≥70 years n = 1104 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | Education | Income | Education | Income | ||||||||||||
 | high n = 401 | medium n = 419 | Low n = 442 | p | high n = 553 | medium n = 445 | low n = 248 | p | high n = 261 | medium n = 311 | low n = 532 | p | high n = 248 | medium n = 339 | low n = 481 | p |
Women, % | 34.4 | 54.7 | 69.9 | <0.01 | 41.0 | 55.7 | 75.8 | <0.01 | 40.6 | 42.4 | 65.6 | <0.01 | 39.1 | 41.9 | 68.2 | <0.01 |
Age, mean (SD) | 62.1 (4.2) | 62.4 (4.3) | 63.2 (4.2) | <0.01 | 61.5 (4.0) | 62.9 (4.2) | 64.4 (4.2) | <0.01 | 77.4 (4.3) | 76.7 (4.2) | 78.0 (4.3) | <0.01 | 77.4 (4.2) | 76.9 (4.3) | 77.7 (4.3) | 0.03 |
Physical function | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Baseline score (0–24), mean (SD) | 23.4 (2.1) | 23.1 (2.4) | 22.4 (3.4) | <0.01 | 23.4 (1.8) | 22.9 (2.7) | 21.8 (4.0) | <0.01 | 21.3 (4.2) | 20.8 (4.7) | 19.1 (5.6) | <0.01 | 20.9 (4.3) | 21.2 (4.3) | 19.1 (5.8) | <0.01 |
Diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cardiac disease, % | 13.5 | 15.3 | 12.2 | 0.42 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 0.95 | 23.1 | 25.2 | 23.8 | 0.83 | 24.3 | 24.9 | 23.9 | 0.95 |
Peripheral atherosclerosis, % | 5.0 | 4.8 | 9.7 | <0.01 | 3.1 | 9.2 | 10.1 | <0.01 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 10.1 | 0.60 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 0.41 |
Stroke, % | 1.0 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 0.19 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.04 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 0.84 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 0.86 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 0.63 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 0.22 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 0.33 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 0.44 |
Lung disease, % | 7.5 | 7.2 | 10.6 | 0.13 | 7.2 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 0.27 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 12.5 | 0.95 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 0.63 |
Cancer, % | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 0.19 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 8.9 | 0.36 | 6.7 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 0.11 | 8.1 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 0.39 |
Arthritis, % | 26.3 | 29.9 | 35.7 | 0.01 | 25.0 | 34.0 | 38.7 | <0.01 | 33.8 | 31.3 | 40.3 | 0.02 | 34.4 | 32.6 | 40.0 | 0.07 |
Behavioral factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   non-smoker | 15.5 | 26.5 | 32.4 | <0.01 | 19.2 | 26.1 | 35.1 | <0.01 | 23.4 | 26.7 | 39.3 | <0.01 | 22.2 | 25.4 | 42.2 | <0.01 |
   former | 49.9 | 41.5 | 33.3 |  | 46.5 | 40.2 | 32.3 |  | 45.2 | 45.0 | 28.9 |  | 50.0 | 42.5 | 28.5 |  |
   smoker | 28.4 | 23.2 | 25.3 |  | 28.2 | 24.9 | 21.4 |  | 18.8 | 19.0 | 15.4 |  | 15.3 | 20.4 | 16.0 |  |
   missing | 6.2 | 8.8 | 9.0 |  | 6.1 | 8.8 | 11.3 |  | 12.6 | 9.3 | 16.4 |  | 12.5 | 11.8 | 13.3 |  |
Dinking, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   non-drinker | 9.0 | 13.4 | 23.1 | <0.01 | 11.2 | 17.5 | 21.0 | <0.01 | 15.3 | 19.0 | 26.1 | <0.01 | 27.9 | 17.7 | 14.9 | <0.01 |
   moderate | 77.1 | 73.0 | 64.3 |  | 75.6 | 68.3 | 66.1 |  | 67.8 | 67.5 | 55.8 |  | 56.5 | 67.8 | 67.7 |  |
   excessive | 7.7 | 4.5 | 3.4 |  | 6.7 | 5.4 | 1.6 |  | 3.4 | 3.5 | 1.3 |  | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.6 |  |
   missing | 6.2 | 9.1 | 9.3 |  | 6.5 | 8.8 | 11.3 |  | 13.4 | 10.0 | 16.7 |  | 13.7 | 12.1 | 13.7 |  |
Physical activity, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   6–7 | 29.9 | 28.6 | 20.1 | <0.01 | 28.9 | 23.4 | 25.0 | <0.01 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 9.2 | <0.01 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 0.83 |
   4–5 | 45.6 | 44.9 | 44.1 |  | 46.5 | 47.6 | 37.1 |  | 33.3 | 41.2 | 39.8 |  | 37.5 | 41.9 | 39.3 |  |
   0–3 | 22.2 | 19.6 | 29.6 |  | 21.9 | 22.0 | 31.5 |  | 48.3 | 42.1 | 39.7 |  | 46.0 | 42.5 | 42.4 |  |
   missing | 2.2 | 6.9 | 6.1 |  | 2.7 | 7.0 | 6.5 |  | 6.9 | 4.8 | 11.3 |  | 5.6 | 5.3 | 7.3 |  |
BMI, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   <25 | 38.2 | 31.7 | 23.1 | <0.01 | 35.6 | 27.6 | 26.2 | <0.01 | 41.4 | 29.6 | 21.2 | <0.01 | 34.3 | 31.0 | 23.3 | <0.01 |
   25-<30 | 42.9 | 44.4 | 47.3 |  | 47.4 | 43.8 | 40.7 |  | 33.3 | 44.7 | 34.8 |  | 33.1 | 42.5 | 37.4 |  |
   ≥30 | 10.7 | 14.1 | 18.6 |  | 8.9 | 18.0 | 21.0 |  | 10.0 | 14.8 | 24.2 |  | 16.9 | 12.4 | 23.5 |  |
   missing | 8.2 | 9.8 | 11.1 |  | 8.1 | 10.6 | 12.1 |  | 15.3 | 10.9 | 19.7 |  | 15.7 | 14.2 | 15.8 |  |
Psychosocial factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
With partner, % | 84.0 | 81.1 | 75.3 | <0.01 | 86.8 | 82.2 | 60.5 | <0.01 | 62.1 | 65.3 | 45.1 | <0.01 | 62.1 | 65.5 | 45.3 | <0.01 |
Network size (0–75), mean (SD) | 16.4 (9.3) | 15.3 (8.3) | 14.2 (7.9) | <0.01 | 16.3 (9.1) | 14.8 (7.8) | 13.9 (8.4) | <0.01 | 14.3 (8.0) | 15.5 (8.2) | 12.2 (6.8) | <0.01 | 14.6 (8.2) | 13.4 (7.8) | 12.0 (7.1) | <0.01 |
Instrumental support (0–36), mean (SD) | 14.8 (6.5) | 14.4 (6.1) | 14.1 (6.7) | 0.36 | 14.4 (6.1) | 14.3 (6.6) | 14.9 (7.0) | 0.49 | 14.0 (6.8) | 13.9 (6.8) | 14.4 (6.8) | 0.44 | 13.9 (6.6) | 13.9 (6.4) | 14.5 (7.4) | 0.33 |
Emotional support (0–36), mean (SD) | 23.4 (7.3) | 22.9 (7.2) | 22.2 (7.9) | 0.07 | 23.1 (7.3) | 22.7 (7.6) | 22.4 (7.4) | 0.48 | 22.5 (8.0) | 21.0 (8.1) | 19.9 (7.8) | <0.01 | 22.0 (8.0) | 21.0 (7.8) | 20.1 (8.4) | 0.02 |
Mastery (5–25), mean (SD) | 18.1 (3.2) | 17.9 (3.1) | 17.5 (3.4) | 0.03 | 18.2 (3.1) | 17.8 (3.2) | 17.2 (3.3) | <0.01 | 17.0 (3.1) | 17.2 (3.2) | 16.7 (3.2) | 0.08 | 16.9 (3.1) | 16.9 (3.3) | 16.9 (3.1) | 0.99 |
Self-efficacy (12–60), mean (SD) | 44.0 (5.1) | 42.9 (4.8) | 41.3 (5.5) | <0.01 | 43.4 (5.2) | 42.5 (5.2) | 41.4 (5.4) | <0.01 | 42.4 (5.3) | 41.5 (5.0) | 40.6 (4.8) | <0.01 | 42.1 (5.0) | 41.4 (5.0) | 40.8 (5.1) | <0.01 |