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Table 4 Associations between ecological Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) dimensions and single risk factors (adjusted* odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals)

From: Effort-reward imbalance at work and the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors: cross-sectional survey in a sample of 36,127 public sector employees

 

Smoking

Heavy drinking†

Physical inactivity ‡

BMI ≥25 kg/m2

Women (N = 28,894):

    

Effort (component of ERI)

    

   Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate

1.01 (0.93–1.09)

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

0.91 (0.85–0.98)

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

   High

0.89 (0.81–0.97)

1.11 (0.98–1.27)

0.82 (0.76–0.88)

0.93 (0.87–0.99)

Rewards (component of ERI)

    

   High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate

1.17 (1.08–1.28)

0.88 (0.79–0.98)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

   Low

1.42 (1.30–1.56)

0.92 (0.82–1.05)

1.12 (1.03–1.21)

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

Effort-Reward Imbalance

    

   Low ERI

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate ERI

1.21 (1.11–1.31)

1.05 (0.94–1.16)

0.96 (0.89–1.02)

0.98 (0.92–1.04)

   High ERI

1.45 (1.33–1.58)

0.99 (0.88–1.11)

1.07 (1.00–1.15)

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

Men (N = 7233):

    

Effort (component of ERI)

    

   Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate

0.97 (0.81–1.17)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

0.80 (0.67–0.96)

0.84 (0.71–0.99)

   High

0.92 (0.75–1.12)

1.05 (0.82–1.34)

0.81 (0.67–0.97)

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

Rewards (component of ERI)

    

   High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate

0.97 (0.80–1.17)

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

1.16 (0.97–1.38)

1.09 (0.93–1.29)

   Low

1.13 (0.93–1.37)

1.12 (0.88–1.43)

1.43 (1.19–1.72)

1.12 (0.96–1.31)

Effort-Reward Imbalance

    

   Low ERI

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Intermediate ERI

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

1.10 (0.93–1.32)

1.01 (0.88–1.15)

1.00 (0.89–1.13)

   High ERI

1.13 (0.98–1.30)

1.08 (0.89–1.31)

1.23 (1.07–1.41)

1.08 (0.95–1.23)

  1. Only participants with no missing data in any of the covariates, risk factors or ecological ERI were included in these models.
  2. * Adjusted for age, socioeconomic position, job contract, and marital status. Statistically significant at 95% confidence level or better bolded.
  3. † Average weekly consumption ≥190 g of absolute alcohol for women and >275 g for men.
  4. ‡ <2 MET-hours/day