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Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for univariate analysis of HBV serostatus.

From: Demographic, risk behaviour and personal network variables associated with prevalent hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection in injection drug users in Winnipeg, Canada

Variable name

HBV negative (n = 253) (%)

HBV positive (n = 111) (%)

OR (95% CI)

p value

Respondent variables

Years of injection drug use (quartiles)

0–6

97 (38.3)

5 (4.5)

1.0

 

7–13

74 (29.3)

23 (20.7)

6.0 (2.2–16.6)

<0.001

14–21

42 (16.6)

36 (32.4)

16.6 (6.1–45.3)

<0.001

22–39

40 (15.8)

47 (42.3)

22.8 (8.4–61.5)

<0.001

Gender

    

Male

150 (59.3)

60 (54.0)

1.0

 

Female

103 (40.7)

51 (46.0)

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

0.353

Education level

    

< grade 12

178 (70.4)

79 (71.2)

1.0

 

> grade 12

75 (29.6)

32 (28.8)

1.0 (0.6–1.3)

0.485

Ethnicity

    

Caucasian

99 (39.1)

29 (26.1)

1.0

 

Aboriginal

154 (60.9)

82 (73.9)

1.8 (1.1–3.0)

0.015

Mobility

    

In Winnipeg > 1 year

168 (66.4)

97 (87.4)

1.0

 

Moved to Winnipeg in past year

85 (33.6)

14 (12.6)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

<0.001

Deals drugs

    

No

129 (51.0)

61 (55.0)

1.0

 

Yes

124 (49.01

50 (45.1)

0.9 (0.5–1.3)

0.485

Cocaine use

    

No

85 (33.6)

44 (39.6)

1.0

 

Yes

168 (66.4)

67 (60.4)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.27

Talwin/ritalin use

No

190 (75.1)

55 (49.6)

1.0

 

Yes

63 (24.9)

56 (50.5)

3.1 (1.9–4.9)

<0.001

Morphine use

    

No

165 (64.8)

68 (61.3)

1.0

 

Yes

89 (35.2)

43 (38.7)

1.2 (0.7–1.8)

0.516

Heroin use

    

No

222 (87.8)

106 (95.5)

1.0

 

Yes

31 (12.3)

5 (4.5)

0.3 (0.1–0.9)

0.015

Injects daily

    

No

34 (13.4)

26 (23.4)

1.0

 

Yes

219 (86.6)

85 (76.6)

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

0.021

Injected at a hotel

No

160 (63.2)

53 (47.8)

1.0

 

Yes

93 (36.8)

58 (52.2)

1.9 (1.2–3.0)

0.006

injected at a shooting gallery

No

224 (88.5)

85 (62.2)

1.0

 

Yes

29 (11.5)

26 (23.4)

2.4 (1.3–4.2)

0.004

Ever used someone else's syringe

No

114 (45.1)

25 (22.5)

1.0

 

Yes

139 (54.9)

86 (77.5)

2.8 (1.7–4.7)

<0.001

Injected someone else as a service

No

204 (80.6)

66 (59.5)

1.0

 

Yes

49 (19.4)

45 (40.6)

2.8 (1.7–4.6)

<0.001

Obtains syringes from friends

No

81 (32.0)

41 (16.9)

1.0

 

Yes

172 (68.0)

70 (63.1)

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.362

Obtains syringes from questionable sources

No

197 (77.9)

81 (73.0)

1.0

 

Yes

56 (22.1)

30 (27.0)

1.3 (0.8–2.2)

0.316

Opposite-sex regular partners

No

81 (32.0)

36 (32.4)

1.0

 

Yes

172 (68.0)

75 (67.6)

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

0.938

Opposite-sex casual partners

No

149 (58.9)

80 (72.1)

1.0

 

Yes

104 (41.1)

31 (27.9)

0.6 (0.3–0.9)

0.015

Opposite-sex client partners

No

223 (88.1)

90 (81.1)

1.0

 

Yes

30 (11.9)

21 (18.9)

1.7 (0.9–3.2)

0.081

Regular same-sex partners

No

245 (96.8)

109 (98.2)

1.0

 

Yes

8 (3.2)

2 (1.8)

0.6 (0.1–2.7)

0.448

Casual same-sex partners

No

240 (94.9)

109 (98.2)

1.0

 

Yes

13 (5.1)

2 (1.8)

0.3 (0.1–1.5)

0.113

Client same-sex partners

No

247 (97.6)

109 (98.2)

1.0

 

Yes

6 (2.4)

2 (1.8)

0.8 (0.2–3.8)

0.728

Egocentric network variables (maximum number of network members = 20)

Total number of IDU in network

Median (IQR)

3 (1,4)

3 (2,5)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

0.001

Total number of IDU family members in network

Median (IQR)

0 (0,1)

0 (0,1)

1.3 (1.0–1.5)

0.019

Spouse IDU in network

No

169 (66.8)

69 (62.2)

1.0

 

Yes

84 (33.2)

42 (37.8)

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

0.394

IDU risk network variables (maximum number of IDU = 5)

Number of IDU respondent sees daily

None

83 (32.8)

38 (34.2)

1.0

 

1

84 (33.2)

38 (34.2)

1.0 (0.6–1.7)

0.965

2

48 (19.0)

13 (11.7)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.155

3–5

38 (15.0)

22 (19.8)

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

0.479

Number of IDU in network who inject daily

None

160 (63.2)

50 (45.1)

1.0

 

1

42 (16.6)

25 (22.5)

1.9 (1.1–3.4)

0.032

2

31 (12.3)

17 (15.3)

1.8 (0.9–3.4)

0.101

3–5

20 (7.9)

19 (17.1)

3.0 (1.5–6.1)

0.002

Number of IDU in network who have been IDU for >5 years

0

142 (56.1)

34 (30.6)

1.0

 

1

50 (19.8)

18 (16.2)

1.5 (0.8–2.9)

0.223

2

32 (12.7)

24 (21.6)

3.1 (1.6–6.0)

0.001

3–5

29 (11.5)

35 (31.5)

5.0 (2.7–9.4)

<0.001

Number of IDU in network who have injected at a hotel

0

175 (69.2)

54 (48.7)

1.0

 

1

48 (19.0)

20 (18.0)

1.4 (0.7–2.5)

0.330

2–5

30 (11.9)

37 (33.3)

4.0 (2.3–7.1)

<0.001

Number of IDU in network who have injected at a shooting gallery

0

204 (80.6)

74 (66.7)

1.0

 

1

30 (11.9)

15 (13.5)

1.4 (0.7–2.7)

0.351

2–5

19 (7.5)

22 (19.8)

3.2 (1.6–6.2)

0.001

Number of IDU in network with whom respondent has pooled money

0

84 (33.2)

23 (20.7)

1.0

 

1

62 (24.5)

33 (29.7)

1.9 (1.0–3.6)

0.037

2–3

64 (25.3)

34 (30.6)

1.9 (1.0–3.6)

0.036

4–5

43 (17.0)

21 (18.9)

1.8 (0.9–3.6)

0.103

Number of IDU in network who have used a syringe before the respondent used it

0

191 (75.5)

87 (78.4)

1.0

 

1

47 (18.6)

12 (10.8)

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

0.097

2–5

15 (5.9)

12 (10.8)

1.8 (0.8–3.9)

0.168

Number of IDU in network who have used other drug paraphernalia before respondent has used it.

0

155 (61.3)

67 (60.4)

1.0

 

1

46 (18.2)

13 (11.8)

0.7 (0.3–1.3)

0.220

2–5

52 (20.6)

31 (27.9)

1.4 (0.8–2.3)

0.234

Number of IDU in network who have initiated respondent to injection drug use

0

177 (70.0)

88 (79.2)

1.0

 

1

63 (24.9)

21 (18.9)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.159

2–5

13 (5.1)

2 (1.8)

0.3 (0.1–1.4)

0.128

Number of IDU in network who have shown respondent how to inject drugs

0

172 (68.0)

79 (71.2)

1.0

 

1

58 (22.9)

23 (20.7)

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.602

2–5

23 (9.1)

9 (8.1)

0.8 (0.4–1.9)

0.700

Number of IDU in network who have injected respondent with drugs

0

133 (52.6)

43 (38.7)

1.0

 

1

65 (25.7)

33 (29.7)

1.6 (0.9–2.7)

0.103

2–5

55 (21.7)

35 (31.5)

2.0 (1.1–3.4)

0.015

Number of IDU in network who have used talwin/ritalin

0

197 (77.9

59 (53.2)

1.0

 

1–3

31 (12.3)

29 (26.1)

3.1 (1.7–5.6)

<0.001

4–5

25 (9.9)

48 (13.2)

3.1 (1.6–5.8)

0.001

Number of IDU in network who have used cocaine

0

168 (66.4)

64 (57.7)

1.0

 

1

39 (15.4)

20 (18.0)

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

0.340

2–3

26 (10.3)

21 (18.9)

2.1 (1.1–4.0)

0.022

4–5

20 (7.9)

26 (7.1)

0.8 (0.3–2.0)

0.625

Number of IDU in network who have used morphine

0

198 (78.3)

80 (72.1)

1.0

 

1

34 (13.4)

18 (16.2)

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

0.399

2–5

21 (8.3)

13 (11.7)

1.5 (0.7–3.2)

0.258