| |
Men (n = 2439)
|
Women (n = 2564)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
43.7 ± 16.1
|
44.7 ± 16.0
|
0.025
|
|---|
|
Education status a
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
Group I
|
710 (29.1 %)
|
997 (38.9 %)
| |
|
Group II
|
763 (31.3 %)
|
787 (30.7 %)
| |
|
Group III
|
966 (39.6 %)
|
779 (30.4 %)
| |
|
Physical status
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
Sedentary
|
1664 (67.8 %)
|
2110 (82.3 %)
| |
|
Physically active
|
784 (32.2 %)
|
454 (17.7 %)
| |
|
Smoking habits
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
Never smoker
|
700 (28.7 %)
|
1381 (53.9 %)
| |
|
Current smoker
|
1176 (48.2 %)
|
901 (35.1 %)
| |
|
Former smoker
|
563 (23.1 %)
|
282 (11.0 %)
| |
|
BMI (Kg/m2) b
|
26.3 ± 5.7
|
25.0 ± 5.3
|
< 0.001
|
|
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2)
|
322 (13.2 %)
|
345 (13.5 %)
|
0.703
|
|
Hypertension
|
325 (13.3 %)
|
455 (17.7 %)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Hypercholesterolaemia
|
400 (16.4 %)
|
560 (21.8 %)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
152 (6.2 %)
|
146 (5.7 %)
|
0.422
|
|
Renal failure
|
23 (0.5 %)
|
39 (0.8 %)
|
0.065
|
-
a The educational level of the participants was measured by the years of schooling (Group I: < 9 years, Group II: up to high school or technical colleges (10 – 14 years) and Group III: university
-
b BMI: Body mass index.
