Table 3 Social, geographic, and clinical correlates of insulin use (univariate comparisons)
Characteristic | Proportion or mean and range | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Insulin Users (n = 131) | Non-Users (n = 650) | Â |
Travel burden | Â | Â | Â |
   Driving distance (km) | 9.38 (0.4–52) | 13.0 (0.1–340) | 0.005 |
   Driving distance less than 10 km | 71.0% | 56.6% | 0.002 |
Age (years) | 65.5 (36–88) | 64.4 (22–93) | 0.36 |
Male | 37.40% | 47.9% | 0.03 |
Race – White, non-Hispanic | 96.2% | 97.2% | 0.52 |
Married or living as married | 60.3% | 63.2% | 0.53 |
High School Graduate | 77.9% | 76.0% | 0.65 |
Income less than $30,000 per year | 65.7% | 56.2% | 0.045 |
Health Insurance | Â | Â | Â |
   Private | 59.6% | 58.0% | 0.74 |
   Medicare | 63.4% | 57.1% | 0.18 |
   Medicaid | 22.9% | 20.5% | 0.53 |
   Military or Veterans' | 6.9% | 4.6% | 0.28 |
   None | 1.5% | 2.5% | 0.52 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 35.9 (18–53) | 33.8 (16–65) | 0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 16.0 (0.1–44) | 8.1 (0.02–61) | <0.001 |
Glycosolated hemoglobin A1C (%) | 7.8 (5.4–13.3) | 7.0 (4.7–13.5) | <0.001 |
Glycosolated hemoglobin A1C < 7% | 36.6% | 62.2% | <0.001 |
Oral hypoglycemic agent use | 57.2% | 71.9% | 0.001 |
Endocrinology visit in the last year | 36.6% | 10.5% | <0.001 |
Primary care visits in the last month | 2.1 (0–20) | 1.5 (0–25) | <0.001 |