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Table 1 Population characteristics of 781 included and 225 excluded subjects

From: The use of insulin declines as patients live farther from their source of care: results of a survey of adults with type 2 diabetes

Characteristic

Included

Excluded

P

Age (years)

64.68 (22–93)

65.6 (30–89)

0.16

   Senior citizen

51.3%

57.5%

0.11

Male

46.1%

44.6%

0.70

Race – White, non-Hispanic

97.1%

98.1%

0.41

Married or living as married

62.7%

60.9%

0.64

Education – High School Graduate

76.3%

72.3%

0.24

Income less than $30,000 per year

57.7%

66.0%

0.07

Health Insurance

   

   Private

58.3%

59.1%

0.82

   Medicare

58.1%

66.7%

0.03

   Medicaid

20.9%

22.8%

0.56

   Military or Veterans'

5.0%

6.5%

0.41

   None

2.3%

2.8%

0.65

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

34.1 (16–65)

32.7 (18–68)

0.01

Duration of diabetes (years)

9.4 (0.02–61)

14.3 (0.03–62)

<0.001

Glycosolated hemoglobin A1C (%)

7.1 (4.7–13.5)

7.1 (4.0–12.9)

0.67

Glycosolated hemoglobin A1C less than 7%

57.9%

58.9%

0.44

Primary care visits in the last month (visits)

1.6 (0–25)

1.7 (0–16)

0.85

Endocrinology visit in the last year

14.9%

20.0%

0.08

Insulin use

16.8%

25.0%

0.01

Oral agent use

69.4%

57.1%

0.001

Travel burden

   

   Driving distance (km)

12.4 (0.1–340)

12.2 (0.1–59)

0.78

   Driving distance less than 10 km

59.0%

56.3%

0.51

  1. Some respondents reported more than one type of health insurance. The sample sizes for excluded subjects vary as some characteristics had missing values. There are no missing values for the included subjects. P values calculated by Wilcoxon rank-sum or χ2 tests as appropriate.