Table 1 Predisposing, need and enabling factors of health-care services use by gender.

Predisposing Factors

Age (years)

   - 60–64

26.27

25.33

<0.0001

   - 65–69

17.22

24.16

   - 70–74

21.35

22.74

   - 75–79

14.91

14.99

   - 80 and over

20.26

12.79

Head of family

30.20

93.67

<0.0001

Need Factors

Physical activity

   - Sedentary

49.67

34.52

<0.0001

   - Occasional

48.03

61.42

   - Regular

2.30

4.06

Body mass index (kg/m²) (%)

   - < 25

22.96

18.86

<0.0001

   - 25–29.9

37.48

50.36

   - 30

39.56

30.77

Tobacco use

   - Never

93.99

30.52

<0.0001

   - Ex-smoker

3.87

49.13

   - Smoker

2.14

20.35

Alcohol consumption

   - Abstainer

70.49

24.99

<0.0001

   - Ex-drinker

6.13

18.15

   - Moderate drinker

20.82

38.09

   - Heavy drinker

2.56

18.77

Arterial hypertension

69.28

66.93

0.173

Number of chronic diseases

   - 0

17.58

31.13

<0.0001

   - 1

38.89

38.56

   - 2

27.00

19.67

   - 3 or more

16.53

10.63

Independent in IADL

59.30

72.90

<0.0001

Cognitive deficit (Cognition Mini-exam)

25.30

14.94

<0.0001

Health-related quality of life (SF-36)

   - Summary Physical Index (mean and SD)

42.66 (10.43)

46.19 (10.75)

<0.0001

   - Summary Mental Index (mean and SD)

47.43 (11.19)

52.40 (9.81)

<0.0001

Enabling Factors

Educational level

   - No formal education

55.56

44.29

<0.0001

   - Primary

35.29

36.15

   - Secondary

6.47

13.29

   - University

2.67

6.27

Marital status: married

47.71

81.56

<0.0001

Head-of-family employment status

   - Employed

13.37

33.15

<0.0001

   - Unemployed

0.82

3.53

   - Retired/Housewife

85.81

63.32

Social network

   - Lives alone

23.13

8.64

<0.0001

   - Sees family daily or almost daily

54.16

51.93

0.220

   - Sees friends or neighbours daily or almost daily

81.39

88.24

<0.0001