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Table 1 Selected characteristics of subjects aged 10 years or older living in communities with different numbers of inhabitants

From: Urban-rural disparities in smoking behaviour in Germany

 

Rural communities <20,000 inhabitants n = 82,462

Urban communities 20,000 – 500.000 inhabitants n = 74,385

Metropolitan communities >500.000 inhabitants n = 24,477

 

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Sex (male); %

48.6

-

-

47.2*

-

-

46.7*

-

-

Age; years

45 ± 20

43 ± 19

46 ± 21

46 ± 20*

44 ± 19*

47 ± 21*

46 ± 20*

44 ± 19*

47 ± 21*

School education

         

   <10 years

57.4

56.6

58.2

52.0*

50.4*

53.4*

45.1*

43.6*

46.4*

   10 years

28.3

26.6

30.0

26.4*

24.2*

28.2*

26.7*

24.1*

28.9*

   >10 years

14.2

16.8

11.8

21.6*

25.3*

18.4*

28.3*

32.3*

24.7*

Marital status

         

   single

29.8

34.3

25.5

31.3*

35.2*

27.8*

34.1*

37.8*

30.8*

   married

57.4

59.1

55.9

53.7*

56.8*

51.0*

49.4*

53.0*

46.3*

   divorced

8.8

3.1

14.1

9.1*

3.2

14.4

9.0

3.1

14.1

   widowed

4.0

3.5

4.5

5.9*

4.8*

6.9*

7.5*

6.0*

18.9*

Monthly income

         

   <1000 DM

35.4

20.8

49.0

32.7*

20.2

43.9*

27.9*

18.6*

36.0*

   1000 DM – <2500 DM

39.5

38.2

40.7

39.2

35.7*

42.3*

38.8

34.2*

42.9*

   2500 DM – <4000 DM

17.0

26.5

8.1

19.0*

28.2*

10.8*

22.3*

29.4*

16.2*

   ≥4000 DM

8.1

14.5

2.2

9.1*

15.9*

3.0*

10.9*

17.8*

4.9*

Residency in East Germany

24.2

23.8

24.5

20.2*

19.9*

20.5*

30.6*

30.7*

30.6*

  1. German Microcensus 1999. Data are percentage and mean ± standard deviation.
  2. 100 DM = 51.13 Euro
  3. * p < 0.05, logistic regression and ANOVA; references: total, male and female population living in rural communities