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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of frequent mental distress (FMD), stratified by metropolitan status

From: Rural residence is not a risk factor for frequent mental distress: a behavioral risk factor surveillance survey

Risk variable

Metropolitan-Central City N = 3,505

P value

Metropolitan-Suburban N = 1,251

P value

Non-Metropolitan N = 1,001

P value

 

AOR * (95% CI)

 

AOR * (95% CI)

 

AOR * (95% CI)

 

Age group

      

   18–24

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   25–34

1.25 (0.77–2.03)

0.366

0.40 (0.19–0.85)

0.016

0.94 (0.32–2.72)

0.904

   35–44

1.40 (0.85–2.30)

0.186

0.63 (0.28–1.40)

0.256

1.73 (0.64–4.67)

0.283

   45–54

1.42 (0.87–2.30)

0.157

0.96 (0.46–1.98)

0.904

1.49 (0.50–4.46)

0.476

   55–64

1.16 (0.65–2.09)

0.614

0.59 (0.25–1.37)

0.218

0.93 (0.31–2.77)

0.892

   65+

0.60 (0.33–1.08)

0.091

0.26 (0.11–0.59)

0.001

0.77 (0.29–2.02)

0.586

Race/ethnicity

      

   Non-Hispanic white

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   Hispanic

0.53 (0.37–0.77)

0.001

0.49 (0.23–1.03)

0.058

0.88 (0.41–1.88)

0.738

   Non-Hispanic Black

0.90 (0.59–1.39)

0.648

0.88 (0.31–2.46)

0.804

0.90 (0.33–2.50)

0.845

   Other

1.23 (0.62–2.43)

0.547

0.81 (0.25–2.63)

0.725

1.57 (0.37–6.65)

0.540

Sex

      

   Female

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   Male

0.50 (0.37–0.68)

<0.001

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

0.171

0.77 (0.44–1.36)

0.368

Marital status

      

   Single/never married

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   Married

0.56 (0.43–0.74)

<0.001

0.81 (0.50–1.30)

0.384

0.98 (0.56–1.70)

0.931

Educational status

      

   < high school degree

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   high school degree

0.75 (0.51–1.12)

0.165

0.85 (0.44–1.61)

0.623

0.90 (0.42–1.96)

0.800

   some college

0.59 (0.38–0.92)

0.018

0.36 (0.17–0.77)

0.008

0.71 (0.31–1.62)

0.420

   College graduate

0.42 (0.26–0.67)

<0.001

0.41 (0.20–0.83)

0.013

0.15 (0.05–0.50)

0.002

Household income

      

   <$25,000

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   $25,000–$75,000

0.53 (0.38–0.74)

<0.001

0.56 (0.32–0.97)

0.040

0.34 (0.17–0.71)

0.004

   ≥$75,000

0.51 (0.33–0.80)

0.003

0.36 (0.16–0.82)

0.016

0.94 (0.38–2.42)

0.905

   Income missing

0.45 (0.28–0.71)

0.001

0.62 (0.27–1.39)

0.245

0.41 (0.18–0.96)

0.040

Body mass index

      

   Obese

1.96 (1.37–2.80)

<0.001

1.04 (0.61–1.79)

0.881

1.28 (0.58–2.87)

0.542

   Overweight

1.19 (0.82–1.72)

0.357

1.16 (0.70–1.92)

0.562

1.69 (0.78–3.63)

0.181

   Normal

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

   Underweight

2.98 (1.54–5.78)

0.001

1.26 (0.37–4.29)

0.710

11.94 (3.66–38.97)

<0.001

   BMI missing

0.22 (0.67–2.23)

0.513

0.35 (0.11–1.16)

0.087

0.74 (0.19–2.83)

0.656

  1. CI = confidence interval.
  2. * Adjusted for all other variables in Table 1.