Ref. | Population (% coverage) | No of individuals included in final analysis (% women) | Min-Max age at baseline | Min-Max follow-up (mean follow- up) | No of BMI measurements/method | SES measurement | Whether baseline BMI adjustment (or otherwise taken into account) in analysis | Main findings in relation to SES effect on BMI change | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Subset of "Whitehall II" civil servant cohort study (73%, actual coverage higher as ~4% of invited persons had moved) | 2,466 W 5,507 M (30.9%) | 25 y – 25 y | ~25 y – ~25 y (~25 y) | 2 / 1st recalled, 2nd measured | Employment grade (I-III) | Yes | Significant SES effect, particularly among those with largest BMI increase (i.e. > 6 kg/m2) | Individuals who lost weight / BMI during follow-up were excluded. |
12 | Subset of Malmo Diet and Cancer Study, excluding those with history of cancer, heart attack and stroke inter alia. Initial "invited" sample random. (NR) | 5,464 W (100%) | 20 y – 20 y | 25 y – 53 y (36.6 y) | 2 / 1st recalled, 2nd measured | Employment status Own occupational group Paternal (bread-winner) occupational group Educational attainment | Yes | Significant SES effect, for all different SES measures | |
13 | Subset of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development Cohort Study (socially stratified cohort of 1946 newborns) | 2,659 M + W (% W not explicitly reported in this study, originally cohort 47.5%) | 20 y – 20 y | 6 y (f-up 1)-23 y (f-up 4) (NR) | 4 / First 2 recalled (some indication of underestimate), last 2 measured | Paternal Social Class at age 14 Also Educational attainment | Yes | Significant childhood SES effect, even adjusting for educational attainment | |
14 | Finnish Twin Cohort Study (89% to 1st questionnaire, follow-up q'rres coverage of 84% and 77%) | 2,482 monozygotic and 5,113 dizygotic twin pairs (56% of participants were W) | 18 y – 60 y | 6 y (f-up 1) 15 y (f-up 2) (6 y and 15 y for f-up 1–2 respectively | 3 / All self-reported (validation study proves good validity) | Educational attainment | Yes | Significant SES effect for BMI change between 1975–1981, but no effect between 1981 and 1990 | |
PS | Borough residents (53.7% W 47.5% M, actual coverage higher as 10.8% "excluded" cases also included in denominator) | 11,158 W 9,831 M (53.1% W) | 35 y – 55 y | 1 y – 10 y (4.8 y) | 2 / Both measured | Ecological (based on small area deprivation measurements) | Yes | Null SES effect for non-obese individuals, significant SES effect for obese individuals models adjusting for baseline BMI | Stratification of analysis by baseline obesity status |