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Table 3 Effect of different warning labels and endorsements on perceived harm of tobacco products

From: Nonsmokers’ responses to new warning labels on smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes: an experimental study

 

Moist snuff

Snus

E-cigarettes

 

Pretest

Posttest

d

Pretest

Posttest

d

Pretest

Posttest

d

Current WL

7.08

7.26

0.10

7.29

7.16

-0.09

5.51

5.96

0.24*

Graphic WL

6.86

7.57

0.27*

7.54

7.56

0.01

4.33

5.67

0.54*

“Lower risks”

7.47

6.96

-0.24*

7.13

6.89

-0.12

4.81

5.15

0.15

“FDA Approved”

7.30

7.45

0.07

7.44

6.98

-0.25*

5.15

5.24

0.04

No Label

7.26

7.59

0.13

7.32

7.20

-0.05

5.08

5.20

0.05

Control Advertisement

6.78

7.31

0.20

7.37

7.27

-0.04

4.56

4.94

0.19

  1. *p < .05 (Significant differences from pretest to posttest, multivariate simple effects of time based on the linearly independent pairwise comparisons among the estimated marginal means).