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Table 3 Multivariable risk factors analysis for adult diarrhoeal disease in 232 cases and 232 controls in Hanam province, Vietnam, 2009-2010

From: Diarrhoeal diseases among adult population in an agricultural community Hanam province, Vietnam, with high wastewater and excreta re-use

Determinants

OR *

95% CI

AF**

% exposure among controls

Agricultural activities

    
 

Yes versus No

1.1

0.6-2.0

0.04

75

Source of drink water (versus tap water)

  
 

Rainwater

5.4

2.4-12.1

0.77

78

 

Tube well water

2.2

0.4-12.4

0.03

3

Contact with person with diarrhoea

    
 

Yes versus No

3.7

1.4-10.3

0.08

3

Composting of human excreta in the household

  
 

≤ 3 months versus > 3 months

2.4

1.4-4.3

0.51

72

Handling human excreta in field work

    
 

Yes versus No

5.4

1.4-21.1

0.07

2

Use of animal excreta as fertiliser in the fields

  
 

Yes versus No

1.6

1.0-2.6

0.16

32

Handling animal excreta in field work

    
 

Yes versus No

3.3

1.8-6.0

0.36

25

Use of Nhue River water to irrigate fields

    
 

Yes versus No

1.0

0.4-2.5

0.00

90

Direct contact with Nhue River water during field work

  
 

Yes versus No

2.4

1.2-4.7

0.27

26

Close contact with local pond water

    
 

Yes versus No

2.3

1.2-4.3

0.14

13

No use of protective measures at work

    
 

Yes versus No

6.9

3.5-13.9

0.78

61

Eating raw vegetables the day before

    
 

Yes versus No

2.4

1.2-4.6

0.12

10

Eating leftover foods from day before

    
 

Yes versus No

1.1

0.7-1.8

0.06

45

Handwashing with soap in general (versus frequently)

  
 

Sometime

2.5

1.3-4.9

0.27

25

 

Never or rarely

3.3

1.8-6.3

0.51

45

  1. OR*: matched odds ratio derived from multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis and adjusted for age groups and sex.
  2. CI: confidence interval.
  3. AF **: attributable fraction in the population.