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Table 1 Characteristics of eligible case and control infants in the cohort

From: Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study

Characteristic

Case infants (n = 20,151) Mean ± SD

 

Control infants (n = 668,381) Mean ± SD

 

Maternal age at delivery

26.8 ± 6.2

 

26.9 ± 6.1

 

 Missing

0

 

3

 
 

n

(%)

n

(%)

Maternal race/ethnicity

    

 Non-Hispanic White

11,658

(57.9)

381,262

(57.0)

 Non-Hispanic Black

4,751

(23.6)

152,370

(22.8)

 Hispanic

2,976

(14.8)

106,003

(15.9)

 Othera

745

(3.7)

28,009

(4.2)

 Missing

21

(<0.1)

737

(<0.1)

Maternal educationb

    

 < High school

5,035

(25.0)

151,732

(22.7)

 High school

5,934

(29.4)

190,393

(28.5)

 > High school

9,125

(45.3)

324,228

(48.5)

 Missing

57

(0.3)

2,028

(0.3)

Infant sex

    

 Female

7,684

(38.1)

327,520

(49.0)

 Male

12,463

(61.8)

340,858

(51.0)

 Missing

4

(0.2)

3

(<0.1)

  1. aOther race/ethnicity included individuals reporting Asian, and Pacific Islander/Native American race.
  2. bHighest year of education completed.