Table 1 Univariate analysis of factors associated with non-adherence
Variable | Total N = 405 | Non-adherent N = 173 | Adherent N = 232 | Odds ratio with 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 58.3 ± 10.4 | 59.0 ± 10.7 | 57.7 ± 10.2 | 1.0 (0.99 – 1.0) | 0.21 |
Gender | 0.58 | ||||
Male | 189 (46.7%) | 78 (45.1%) | 111 (47.8%) | Reference | |
Female | 216 (53.3%) | 95 (54.9%) | 121 (52.2%) | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.7) | |
Education | 0.54 | ||||
Illitrate | 49 (12.1%) | 23 (13.3%) | 26 (11.2%) | Reference | |
Primary | 168 (41.5%) | 73 (42.2%) | 95 (40.9%) | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.6) | |
Secondary | 117 (28.5%) | 52 (30.1%) | 65 (28.0%) | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.8) | |
College | 71 (17.5%) | 25 (14.5%) | 46 (19.8%) | 0.6 (0.3 – 1.3) | |
Marital Status | 0.021 | ||||
Single | 105 (25.9%) | 55 (31.8%) | 50 (47.6%) | Reference | |
Married | 300 (74.1%) | 118 (68.2%) | 182 (60.7%) | 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9) | |
Disease knowledge score | 8 (7 – 10) | 8 (6 – 9) | 9 (7 – 10) | 0.8 (0.7 – 0.9) | < 0.001 |
Duration of Diabetes Mellitus | 8.5 ± 6.0 | 8.5 ± 5.8 | 8.5 ± 6.2 | 1.0 (0.96 – 1.0) | 0.96 |
Presence of chronic diseases | 0.02 | ||||
Yes | 284 (70.1%) | 132 (46.5%) | 152 (53.5%) | 1.7 (1.1 – 2.6) | |
No | 121 (29.9%) | 41 (33.9%) | 80 (66.1%) | Reference | |
Anti-diabetic therapy | 0.34 | ||||
Monotherapy | 144 (35.6%) | 57 (32.9%) | 87 (37.5%) | Reference | |
Combination | 261 (64.4%) | 116 (67.1%) | 145 (62.5%) | 1.2 (0.8 – 1.8) | |
Insulin Use | 0.32 | ||||
Yes | 132 (32.6%) | 61 (35.3%) | 71 (30.6%) | Reference | |
No | 273 (67.4%) | 112 (64.7%) | 161 (69.4%) | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.2) | |
Number of medications | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 1.1 (1.0 – 1.2) | 0.042 |
Specific -necessity score | 18.5 ± 4.0 | 17.9 ± 4.1 | 19.0 ± 3.8 | 0.94 (0.9 – 1.0) | 0.009 |
Specific- concern score | 14.0 ± 4.3 | 15.2 ± 3.9 | 13.1 ± 4.3 | 1.1 (1.1 – 1.2) | < 0.001 |
General – overuse score | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 1.0 (0.94 – 1.1) | 0.95 |
General – harm score | 10.5 ± 3.7 | 11.5 ± 3.7 | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 1.1 (1.1 – 1.2) | < 0.001 |