Table 1 Description of the population studied (number and percentages) and their average score on poor mental well-being (Population in salaried employment, 15–64 years old, ESS Round 2 and 5 (weighted))
Variables | Women (n = 13,092) | Men (n = 13,928) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean poor mental well-being score | Sig. | n | % | Mean poor mental well-being score | Sig. | |
Social class | 0.000 | 0.048 | ||||||
Workers unskilled | 2067 | 15.8 | 3.9 | 1958 | 14.1 | 3.3 | ||
Workers semi-skilled | 4626 | 35.3 | 3.6 | 4363 | 31.3 | 3.4 | ||
Workers experts | 2875 | 22.0 | 3.5 | 1892 | 13.6 | 3.4 | ||
Supervisors unskilled | 296 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 584 | 4.2 | 3.2 | ||
Supervisors semi-skilled | 1105 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 2000 | 14.4 | 3.2 | ||
Supervisors experts | 1387 | 10.6 | 3.6 | 1652 | 11.9 | 3.4 | ||
Managers unskilled | 92 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 131 | 0.9 | 3.2 | ||
Managers semi-skilled | 247 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 458 | 3.3 | 3.4 | ||
Managers experts | 396 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 890 | 6.4 | 3.3 | ||
Age groups | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
15-29 years | 2494 | 19.1 | 3.4 | 2726 | 19.6 | 3.1 | ||
30-49 years | 7200 | 55.0 | 3.7 | 7527 | 54.0 | 3.4 | ||
50 or more years | 3398 | 26.0 | 3.7 | 3674 | 26.4 | 3.3 | ||
Psychosocial work characteristics | ||||||||
Low skill discretiona | 4.5 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.3) | ||||||
Low autonomya | 5.1 (2.6) | 4.8 (2.8) | ||||||
High psychological demandsa | 5.3 (3.0) | 5.2 (2.9) | ||||||
Employment conditions | ||||||||
Type of contract | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
Permanent | 10237 | 81.4 | 3.6 | 11169 | 82.2 | 3.3 | ||
Non-permanent | 1807 | 14.4 | 3.5 | 1846 | 13.6 | 3.1 | ||
No contract | 529 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 576 | 4.2 | 3.7 | ||
Income | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
Sufficient household income | 11073 | 84.6 | 3.4 | 11975 | 86.0 | 3.2 | ||
Contributory earner with insufficient household income | 760 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 327 | 2.3 | 3.9 | ||
Main earner with insufficient household income | 1258 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 1626 | 11.7 | 4.1 | ||
Irregular and/or unsocial working hours a | 2.6 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.5) | ||||||
Employment status | ||||||||
Full-time | 8822 | 67.4 | 3.6 | 0.001 | 12859 | 92.3 | 3.3 | 0.118 |
Part-time | 3474 | 26.5 | 3.7 | 552 | 4.0 | 3.2 | ||
Involuntary Part-time | 795 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 517 | 3.7 | 3.4 | ||
Training | 0.154 | 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 6158 | 47.1 | 3.6 | 6143 | 44.2 | 3.3 | ||
No | 6911 | 52.9 | 3.6 | 7743 | 55.8 | 3.4 | ||
Employment relations | ||||||||
Support from co-workers | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
Yes | 11939 | 92.6 | 3.6 | 13167 | 95.3 | 3.3 | ||
No | 952 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 648 | 4.7 | 3.9 | ||
Member of trade union | 0.424 | 0.357 | ||||||
Yes | 2984 | 22.9 | 3.6 | 3277 | 23.6 | 3.3 | ||
No | 10073 | 77.1 | 3.6 | 10617 | 76.4 | 3.3 | ||
Poor mental well-being a | 3.6 (2.0) | 3.3 (1.9) | ||||||