Table 1 Maternal characteristics by residential location, Kaski District, Nepal (n = 639)
From: A community-based prospective cohort study of exclusive breastfeeding in central Nepal
Characteristic | Urban | Rural | Total | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
343 (53.7) | 296 (46.3) | 639 | ||
Age (years) | 0.07 | |||
15 - 19 | 40 (11.7) | 51 (17.2) | 91 (14.2) | |
20 - 24 | 173 (50.4) | 151 (51.0) | 324 (50.7) | |
25 - 40 | 130 (37.9) | 94 (31.8) | 224 (35.1) | |
Parity | 0.29 | |||
Primiparous | 170 (49.6) | 159 (53.7) | 329 (51.5) | |
Multiparous | 173 (50.4) | 137 (46.3) | 310 (48.5) | |
Employment status | < 0.001 | |||
Unemployed | 249 (72.6) | 260 (87.8) | 509 (79.7) | |
Semi-employed | 71 (20.7) | 27 (9.1) | 98 (15.3) | |
Employed | 23 (6.7) | 9 (3.0) | 32 (5.0) | |
Caste | < 0.001 | |||
Upper caste | 171 (50.3) | 168 (56.8) | 339 (53.3) | |
Janajati | 97 (28.5) | 41 (13.9) | 138 (21.7) | |
Lower caste | 72 (21.2) | 87 (29.4) | 159 (25.0) | |
Education | < 0.001 | |||
None | 31 (9.0) | 22 (7.4) | 53 (8.3) | |
Primary | 72 (21.0) | 61 (20.6) | 133 (20.8) | |
Secondary | 96 (28.0) | 142 (48.0) | 238 (37.2) | |
College | 144 (42.0) | 71 (24.0) | 215 (33.6) | |
Place of delivery | < 0.001 | |||
Home | 29 (8.5) | 63 (21.4) | 92 (14.5) | |
Facility | 311 (91.5) | 231 (78.6) | 542 (85.5) | |
Method of delivery | < 0.001 | |||
Vaginal | 277 (81.2) | 273 (92.9) | 550 (86.6) | |
Caesarean | 64 (18.8) | 21 (7.1) | 85 (13.4) | |
Frequency of antenatal visits | 0.67 | |||
< 4 | 92 (26.8) | 75 (25.3) | 167 (26.1) | |
≥ 4 | 251 (73.2) | 221 (74.7) | 472 (73.9) | |
Breastfeeding information | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 212 (61.8) | 258 (87.2) | 470 (73.6) | |
No | 131 (38.2) | 38 (12.8) | 169 (26.4) | |
Encouragement to breastfeed | 0.22 | |||
Yes | 271 (79.0) | 245 (82.8) | 516 (80.8) | |
No | 72 (21.0) | 51 (17.2) | 123 (19.2) | |
Sex of infant | 0.61 | |||
Male | 206 (60.1) | 172 (58.1) | 378 (59.2) | |
Female | 137 (39.9) | 124 (41.9) | 261 (40.8) | |
Breastfeeding problem | 0.001 | |||
No | 244 (71.1) | 172 (58.1) | 416 (65.1) | |
Yes | 99 (28.9) | 124 (41.9) | 223 (34.9) |