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Table 4 Sex-stratified logistic regression models on association between socioeconomic demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors, Pohnpei, FSM, 2002 a

From: Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of selected cardiovascular risk factors among adults living in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Predictor (measure)

Daily tobacco useb

Physically inactivec

High BPd

Central obesitye

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Male

Education (highest level completed)

Primary (<9 y) (reference)

1

1

1

1

Secondary (9–12 y)

0.70 (0.46–1.06)

0.062

1.01 (0.63–1.64)

0.025

0.51 (0.28–0.91)

0.062

1.02 (0.58–1.79)

0.659

Post–secondary (≥13 y)

0.54 (0.32–0.93)

0.50 (0.28–0.88)

0.72 (0.34–1.41)

0.78 (0.41–1.50)

Income (estimated annual household)

Low (<$5,000) (reference)

1

1

1

1

Middle ($5,000–$10,000)

0.79 (0.42–1.51)

0.429

0.98 (0.54–1.79)

0.181

1.00 (0.59–1.71)

0.111

1.66 (0.83–3.35)

0.349

High (>$10,000)

0.53 (0.24–1.19)

1.95 (0.95–4.03)

2.00 (1.06–3.79)

1.59 (0.64–3.93)

Employment status b

        

Unemployed (reference)

1

1

1

1

Paid

1.26 (0.77–2.04)

0.140

1.43 (0.83–2.46)

0.280

1.10 (0.73–1.68)

0.403

3.00 (1.56–5.78)

<0.001

Unpaid

1.70 (0.98–2.95)

1.92 (0.76–4.83)

0.71 (0.33–1.55)

1.12 (0.47–2.63)

Age

25–34 y (reference)

1

1

1

1

35–44 y

1.71 (1.08–2.70)

<0.001

1.01 (0.54–1.88)

0.005

1.57 (0.97–2.53)

<0.001

1.24 (0.60–2.57)

<0.001

45–54 y

1.17 (0.75–1.82)

2.14 (1.30–3.50)

2.93 (1.76–4.86)

3.36 (1.83–6.18)

55–64 y

0.34 (0.15–0.78)

1.72 (0.90–3.26)

4.58 (2.41–8.71)

3.25 (1.57–6.73)

Female

Education (highest level completed)

Primary (<9 y) (reference)

1

1

1

1

Secondary (9–12 y)

0.69 (0.45–1.06)

0.042

0.68 (0.42–1.11)

0.258

1.41 (0.84–2.36)

0.365

0.96 (0.68–1.36)

0.428

Post–secondary (≥13 y)

0.17 (0.04–0.76)

0.65 (0.22–1.94)

1.12 (0.37–3.35)

0.68 (0.36–1.29)

Income (estimated annual household)

Low (<$5,000) reference

1

1

1

1

Middle ($5,000–$10,000)

0.75 (0.39–1.44)

0.78

1.01 (0.49–2.08)

0.652

1.17 (0.59–2.29)

<0.001

0.92 (0.60–1.40)

0.979

High (>$10,000)

0.45 (0.22–0.96)

0.88 (0.39–1.97)

2.36 (1.23–4.52)

0.99 (0.58–1.69)

Employment status c

Unemployed (reference)

1

1

1

1

Paid

1.72 (1.08–2.73)

0.006

1.12 (0.52–2.42)

0.809

0.78 (0.51–1.20)

0.503

1.27 (0.87–1.86)

0.251

Unpaid

0.91 (0.54–1.53)

1.26 (0.61–2.64)

0.95 (0.56–1.60)

1.34 (0.91–1.98)

Age

25–34 y (reference)

1

1

1

1

35–44 y

1.19 (0.84–1.69)

0.427

0.93 (0.49–1.76)

0.650

3.24 (1.53–6.85)

<0.001

0.62 (0.39–0.99)

<0.001

45–54 y

1.31 (0.80–2.16)

1.08 (0.58–2.01)

7.03 (3.73–13.28)

0.37 (0.22–0.63)

55–64 y

0.87 (0.47–1.59)

0.64 (0.30–1.35)

12.98 (5.29–31.86)

0.44 (0.22–0.88)

  1. Abbreviations: FSM Federated States of Micronesia, BP Blood pressure, OR Odds ratio, CI confidence interval, y year, NA not applicable.
  2. aUsing the 2002 STEPS Pohnpei, FSM data set; all estimates are sex-age standardized to the FSM 2000 Pohnpei Census; P values based on the Rao-Scott adjustment to the χ2.
  3. bDaily tobacco use includes daily use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or smokeless tobacco.
  4. cUnpaid category includes student, homemaker, volunteer, or retired.
  5. dPhysically inactive includes <30 minutes/day of moderate activity on five or more days/week.
  6. eHigh BP defined as BP ≥ 140/90 mmHG, or self-reports of BP medication use or hypertension diagnosis.
  7. fCentral obesity defined as waist circumference: Male > 102 cm; Female > 88 cm).
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BMC Public Health

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