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Table 4 Analysis of temporal trends and relevant risk factors in smoking initiation and cessation in the four centers participating to both ISAYA (1998–2000) and GEIRD (2007–2010)

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking habits are still increasing in Italy

 

OR of being ever smoker (95% CI)

OR of being ex-smoker

 

N = 10,263

(95% CI) N = 4,468

Time

 

p < 0.001

  ISAYA 1998-2000

 

1

  GEIRD 2007-2010

 

1.32 (1.18-1.48)

 

Interaction sex*time: p = 0.029

 

Sex

ISAYA 1998-2000

GEIRD 2007-2010

p = 0.760

  Women

1

0.71 (0.65-0.79)

1

  Men

1.42 (1.30-1.56)

1.19 (1.07-1.33)

0.98 (0.87-1.10)

 

Interaction age*time: p < 0.001

 

Age

ISAYA 1998-2000

GEIRD 2007-2010

p < 0.001

  20-29 years

1

0.95 (0.83-1.08)

1

  30-39 years

1.26 (1.14-1.40)

1.00 (0.88-1.12)

1.93 (1.67-2.23)

  40-47 years

1.84 (1.62-2.09)

1.09 (0.95-1.24)

2.47 (2.10-2.89)

 

Interaction occupation*time: p = 0.047

 

Occupation

ISAYA 1998-2000

GEIRD 2007-2010

p < 0.001

  Clerk

1

0.74 (0.66-0.83)

1

  Housewife

1.25 (1.06-1.46)

0.75 (0.59-0.94)

1.07 (0.88-1.31)

  Manager

1.01 (0.73-1.41)

0.68 (0.44-1.04)

0.95 (0.64-1.40)

  Businessman

1.55 (1.19-2.01)

1.05 (0.75-1.46)

0.87 (0.66-1.16)

  Free-lancer

1.14 (0.98-1.32)

0.78 (0.65-0.94)

0.76 (0.64-0.91)

  Workman

1.49 (1.31-1.70)

1.27 (1.08-1.49)

0.75 (0.64-0.87)

  Unemployed

1.11 (0.92-1.33)

1.24 (0.98-1.57)

0.61 (0.48-0.78)

  Student

0.67 (0.56-0.79)

0.60 (0.49-0.73)

0.70 (0.54-0.91)

  Other job

1.47 (1.21-1.79)

1.13 (0.83-1.54)

0.96 (0.76-1.22)

  1. Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by logistic regression models, comprising time (ISAYA/GEIRD), centre, sex, age, occupation, season of response, percentile rank of cumulative response and type of contact.
  2. The column dealing with the trend of smoking initiation (being ever smoker) was split in two as there were significant interactions between time and the main predictors (sex, age, occupation). The column dealing with smoking cessation (being ex-smoker) was not split as no significant interaction emerged.