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Table 2 Multilevel estimates for stressful work: Regression coefficients (b) and standard errors (SE) (N = 11181)

From: Proximal and distal determinants of stressful work: framework and analysis of retrospective European data

Model

 

Empty Model

Model 1

 

Model 2

 

Model 3

 

Model 4

 

Model 5

 

Full Model

  

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

Fixed parameters

               

Sex

female (ref.)

              
 

male

  

0.34**

(0.12)

0.54***

(0.12)

0.45***

(0.12)

0.45***

(0.12)

0.45***

(0.12)

0.45***

(0.12)

Age

   

-0.08***

(0.01)

-0.05***

(0.01)

-0.07***

(0.01)

-0.07***

(0.01)

-0.07***

(0.01)

-0.07***

(0.01)

Retirement age

before 55 (ref.)

              
 

55 – 59

  

-0.35*

(0.16)

-0.3

(0.16)

-0.28

(0.16)

-0.28

(0.16)

-0.27

(0.16)

-0.28

(0.16)

 

60 or older

  

-0.52**

(0.16)

-0.41*

(0.16)

-0.35*

(0.16)

-0.35*

(0.16)

-0.34*

(0.16)

-0.34*

(0.16)

Periods of disability

none (ref.)

              
 

one

  

1.36***

(0.16)

1.40***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

 

two or more

  

1.89***

(0.23)

1.96***

(0.23)

1.85***

(0.23)

1.85***

(0.23)

1.86***

(0.23)

1.86***

(0.23)

Job absence due to disability

no (ref.)

              
 

yes

  

2.03***

(0.22)

1.99***

(0.22)

2.00***

(0.22)

1.99***

(0.22)

1.99***

(0.22)

1.99***

(0.22)

Childhood circumstances

most advantaged (ref.)

              
 

advantaged

  

0.39

(0.31)

  

0.16

(0.31)

0.16

(0.31)

0.16

(0.31)

0.16

(0.31)

 

neutral

  

1.06***

(0.29)

  

0.65*

(0.29)

0.65*

(0.29)

0.65*

(0.29)

0.65*

(0.29)

 

disadvantaged

  

1.89***

(0.30)

  

1.31***

(0.30)

1.31***

(0.30)

1.30***

(0.30)

1.30***

(0.30)

 

most disadvantaged

  

3.10***

(0.32)

  

2.44***

(0.32)

2.44***

(0.32)

2.44***

(0.32)

2.44***

(0.32)

Labour market disadvantage

none (ref.)

              
 

mild

    

1.74***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

1.35***

(0.16)

1.36***

(0.16)

1.36***

(0.16)

 

moderate

    

2.60***

(0.21)

2.19***

(0.21)

2.19***

(0.21)

2.20***

(0.21)

2.20***

(0.21)

 

severe

    

3.73***

(0.37)

3.29***

(0.38)

3.29***

(0.38)

3.30***

(0.38)

3.29***

(0.38)

 

very severe

    

5.52***

(0.99)

5.07***

(0.98)

5.07***

(0.98)

5.09***

(0.98)

5.09***

(0.98)

Compensation index

         

-0.28*

(0.13)

  

-0.03

(0.11)

Integration index

           

-0.28***

(0.06)

-0.27***

(0.07)

Random parameters

               

Level 1: within country

 

6.337***

(0.042)

6.179***

(0.041)

6.171***

(0.041)

6.134***

(0.041)

6.134***

(0.041)

6.134***

(0.041)

6.134***

(0.041)

Level 2: between country

 

2.376***

(0.470)

1.828**

(0.364)

2.145***

(0.425)

1.862**

(0.371)

1.616*

(0.323)

1.064

(0.218)

1.060

(0.217)

Statistics

               

R 2 1 (level 1)

   

.0491

 

.0516

 

.0629

 

.0629

 

.0629

 

.0629

 

R 2 2 (level 2)

   

.4076

 

.1847

 

.3857

 

.5374

 

.7992

 

.8007

 

Log likelihood

 

-36540.49

 

-36256.03

 

-36243.45

 

-36174.69

 

-36172.88

 

-36167.59

 

-36167.54

 

AIC

 

73086.98

 

72540.06

 

72514.90

 

72385.37

 

72383.75

 

72373.18

 

72375.09

 

BIC

 

73108.95

 

72642.57

 

72617.41

 

72517.17

 

72522.87

 

72512.29

 

72521.53

 
  1. Note. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.