Individual level interventions
|
Taveras et al 2011 [32]
|
Cluster RCT; 1 year follow-up; Final sample = 445; Quality = Moderate
|
10 primary care paediatric centres, USA; 2-6 years; 48% girls; Obese and high risk of obese
|
Reduction of BMI in obese and risk of obese children
|
Nutrition and physical activity intervention; Treatment: Weight management programme (High Five for Kids) – diet and physical activity education and counselling, and behavioural cognitive therapy
|
Universal: results analysed by household income
|
BMI (low income)
|
↓
|
+
|
BMI (high income)
|
↔
|
Wake et al 2009 [33]
|
RCT; 12 month follow-up; Final sample = 245; Quality = Moderate
|
45 family medical practices, Australia; 5-10 years; 61% girls; Overweight or mildly obese
|
Reduce BMI gain in overweight or mildly obese children
|
Nutrition and physical activity intervention; Treatment: Primary care obesity management programme (LEAP2) – screening for overweight/obesity followed by GP administered counselling (diet and physical activity)
|
Universal: SES did not modify any intervention effect
|
BMI
|
↔
|
0
|
Waist circumference
|
↔
|
Prevalence overweight/ obese
|
↔
|
Epstein et al 2008 [34]
|
RCT; 24 month follow-up; Final sample = 67; Quality = Moderate
|
Participant’s homes, USA; 4-7 years; ≥75th percentile (at risk of overweight/ overweight/obese)
|
Reduction of obesity-related sedentary behaviours in children at risk of obesity
|
Physical activity intervention; Treatment/Prevention: Intervention to reduce TV viewing and computer use – duration of use regulated; monetary incentives for reduced use; and newsletters containing information and advice
|
Universal: intervention effect compared between low SES and high SES groups
|
BMI z score (low SES)
|
↓
|
+
|
BMI z score (high SES)
|
↔
|
Black et al 2010 [35]
|
RCT; 24 month follow-up; Final sample = 179; Quality = Moderate
|
Homes and community sites (e.g. parks and convenience stores), USA; 11-16 years; 49% girls
|
Health promotion and prevention of obesity
|
Nutrition and physical activity intervention; Prevention: Mentor-based health promotion and obesity prevention programme (Challenge!) – Session with mentors including food preparation, exercise; goal setting, progress discussions, and provision of information and recipes. Rap music video promoting healthy eating and physical activity
|
Targeted: low-income communities
|
Prevalence overweight/ obese
|
↓
|
+
|
BMI z score
|
↔
|
Ideal weight:
| |
% body fat
|
↔
|
Fat mass
|
↔
|
Fat-free mass
|
↔
|
Obese/overweight:
| |
% body fat
|
↓
|
Fat mass
|
↓
|
Fat-free mass
|
↑
|