Table 4 Bivariate associations between independent variables and quality of life
From: Quality of life among people living with hypertension in a rural Vietnam community
Characteristics | QOL scores | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical health (Mean (SD)) | Psychological health (Mean (SD)) | Social relationships (Mean (SD)) | Environment (Mean (SD)) | |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Coefficient | - 0.49 | - 0.34 | - 0.09 | - 0.19 |
p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.002 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Men | 57.6 (13.7) | 52.7 (11.9) | 66.3 (12.2) | 62.1 (9.9) |
Women | 52.7 (15.5) | 47.2 (12.9) | 62.6 (15.1) | 57.7 (10.3) |
p | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.026 | < 0.001 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Under secondary school | 52.8 (15.3) | 47.8 (12.4) | 62.6 (14.3) | 57.9 (9.9) |
Higher | 57.6 (13.9) | 51.8 (12.9) | 66.3 (13.4) | 61.9 (10.7) |
p | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.035 | 0.002 |
Working status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Currently working | 59.8 (13.5) | 51.7 (11.9) | 65.9 (13.2) | 61.7 (9.8) |
Not working | 51.8 (14.9) | 48.1 (13.0) | 63.0 (14.5) | 58.3 (10.5) |
p | < 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.094 | 0.008 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Married | 57.4 (13.8) | 51.8 (11.6) | 66.4 (12.6) | 61.4 (9.5) |
Single/widowed/divorced/separated | 48.4 (15.6) | 43.8 (13.6) | 58.8 (15.9) | 55.1 (11.1) |
p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Buddhist | 55.1 (15.4) | 49.3 (12.5) | 63.1 (14.9) | 58.8 (11.1) |
None religion | 54.1 (13.9) | 49.7 (12.9) | 65.5 (12.7) | 60.5 (9.8) |
Others | 55.6 (16.9) | 49.1 (13.2) | 63.1 (14.8) | 58.7 (9.7) |
p | 0.845 | 0.961 | 0.357 | 0.417 |
Economic status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal households | 54.9 (14.5) | 49.7 (12.4) | 64.3 (13.9) | 59.8 (10.1) |
Poor households | 51.1 (22.5) | 43.8 (17.9) | 60.1 (16.0) | 54.1 (13.9) |
p | 0.554 | 0.262 | 0.299 | 0.053 |
Physical activities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low level | 47.9 (13.3) | 43.9 (10.8) | 60.6 (15.6) | 56.0 (9.9) |
Moderate level | 60.1 (13.9) | 53.8 (12.4) | 67.3 (11,82) | 62.4 (9,7) |
High level | 55.5 (15.8) | 50.1 (13.7) | 60.4 (15.6) | 58.6 (12.2) |
p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 |
Duration of illness | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<1 year | 59.5 (14.3) | 52.3 (11.8) | 63.4 (15.8) | 59.9 (9.8) |
1 to less than 5 years | 54.7 (14.8) | 48.9 (13.0) | 65.3 (12.6) | 59.7 (10.4) |
5 to less than 10 years | 51.6 (10.8) | 50.3 (9.4) | 65.3 (9.6) | 62.0 (8.6) |
10+ years | 45.0 (16.0) | 42.8 (14.4) | 58.2 (19.0) | 54.9 (12.9) |
p | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.548* | 0.079 |
Adherence to treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 48.0 (13.4) | 44.2 (11.1) | 61.2 (14.7) | 56.1 (10.4) |
Yes | 60.6 (13.7) | 53.9 (12.4) | 66.6 (13.0) | 62.5 (9.4) |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
Presence of co-morbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 58.5 (13.7) | 50.5 (12.5) | 64.5 (13.5) | 60.4 (10.2) |
Yes | 48.7 (14.8) | 47.6 (12.9) | 63.4 (14.9) | 58.0 (10.4) |
p | <0.001 | 0.069 | 0.507 | 0.056 |