Child-caregivers’ body weight and habitual physical activity status is associated with overweight in kindergartners

Table 3 Final parental sample descriptions of the items of HPA ^a , screen time activity, overweight status, and parental perception of weight status and associated health risks stratified by sex (n = 434)

Item	Mothers				Fathers				P*	Kindergarten teachers^b
Item	n	%	Mean	SD^c	n	%	Mean	SD^c	P*	n	%	Mean	SD^c
Habitual physical activity scores ^d,e	371	99.7			62	100				193	61.7
Work	-	-	2.6	0.7	-	-	2.6	0.8	0.825	-	-	2.8	0.4
Sport	-	-	2.6	0.7	-	-	2.7	0.5	0.196	-	-	2.7	0.6
Leisure-time	-	-	3.2	0.6	-	-	3.1	0.6	0.236	-	-	2.7	0.7
HPA score	-	-	8.3	1.4	-	-	8.4	1.2	0.606	-	-	8.3	1.2
Screen time activity ^f	372	100.0			62	100.0
TV/DVD on weekdays, ≤2 h/daily	334	89.8	-	-	55	88.7	-	-	0.822	232	76.1	-	-
TV/DVD on weekdays, >2 h/daily	38	10.2	-	-	7	11.3	-	-		73	23.9	-	-
TV/DVD on weekends, ≤2 h/daily	287	77.2	-	-	45	72.6	-	-	0.423	150	49.5	-	-
TV/DVD on weekends, >2 h/daily	85	22.8	-	-	17	27.4	-	-		153	50.5	-	-
PC/Internet on weekdays, ≤2 h/daily	296	79.6	-	-	43	69.4	-	-	0.096	284	92.5	-	-
PC/Internet on weekdays, >2 h/daily	76	20.4	-	-	19	30.6	-	-		23	7.5	-	-
PC/Internet on weekends, ≤2 h/daily	339	91.1	-	-	49	79.0	-	-	0.007	255	83.9	-	-
PC/Internet on weekends, >2 h/daily	33	8.9	-	-	13	21.0	-	-		49	16.1	-	-
BMI status ^f	362	97.3	-	-	60	96.8	-	-
Overweight and obese	128	35.4	-	-	32	53.3	-	-	0.008	129	41.2	-	-
Perception of weight status and associated health risks ^f	371	99.7			62	100.0				312	99.7
General ability to identify overweight silhouettes	172	46.4	-	-	28	45.2	-	-	0.861	-	44.6	-	-
Parents and kindergarten teachers who identified overweight silhouettes as at risk for physical health problems	125	33.7	-	-	20	32.3	-	-	0.825	-	40.1	-	-
Parents and kindergarten teachers who identified overweight silhouettes as at risk for mental health problems	88	23.7	-	-	9	14.5	-	-	0.108	-	21.2	-	-

^aHPA = Habitual physical activity according to Baecke et al. [23].
^bModified data of health risk behaviors of kindergarten teachers are taken from the Kindergarten Teacher Health Study (KTHS) by Hoffmann et al. [18].
^cSD = Standard deviation.
^dSex differences tested with the Mann-Whitney-U-Test.
^eSex differences tested with the independent t-test.
^fSex differences tested with the χ²-test.
*P < 0.05. Values in bold indicate statistical significance.

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