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Table 5 Association between poor visual acuity and variables related to mental health and cognitive functioning

From: Visual impairment and multimorbidity in a representative sample of the Spanish population

 

Depression (OR)

Depression (AOR)

Anxiety (OR)

Anxiety (AOR)

Cognition (OR)

Cognition (AOR)

Distance VA

1.64 (1.27-2.12)

1.25 (0.97-1.61)

0.90 (0.47-1.71)

0.74 (0.39-1.40)

1.47 (1.17-1.86)

1.27 (1.02-1.59)

Near VA

1.39 (1.01-1.93)

1.10 (0.78-1.53)

0.97 (0.55-1.73)

0.83 (0.43-1.64)

1.72 (1.46-2.02)

1.51 (1.28-1.85)

Subjective distance VA

2.80 (2.10-3.74)

1.61 (1.14-2.27)

2.15 (1.14-4.04)

1.47 (0.71-3.04)

2.05 (1.44-2.90)

1.43 (1.00-2.06)

Subjective near VA

2.40 (1.74-3.30)

1.48 (1.03-2.13)

0.42 (0.09-1.93)

0.27 (0.05-1.36)

2.96 (1.92-4.55)

2.40 (1.52-3.71)

  1. VA = visual acuity; OR = Odds Ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio.
  2. Note = Adjusted models included age, gender, education level, marital status, urbanicity and all chronic physical conditions. Results with 95% Confidence interval. In bold, statistically significant (p < 0.05).