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Table 3 Vision acuity results across age and sex groups

From: Visual impairment and multimorbidity in a representative sample of the Spanish population

 

TOTAL

18-49 years

50-64 years

> 65 years

p(age)

p(sex)

  

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

  

Objective DVA

       

<0.001

0.113

 ≥6/18

79.7 (76.3-82.8)

81.6 (76.0-86.1)

86.2 (82.2-89.4)

83.2 (79.8-86.1)

79.7 (75.2-83.7)

69.4 (64.3-74.0)

62.5 (57.7-67.1)

  

 6/60

16.7 (13.9-20.0)

17.0 (12.6-22.4)

11.9 (8.9-15.6)

15.1 (12.3-18.3)

17.7 (14.2-21.9)

21.9 (18.3-26.1)

25.3 (21.6-29.5)

  

 3/60

2.9 (2.3-3.8)

1.4 (0.5-3.9)

1.6 (0.8-3.2)

1.7 (1.0-2.9)

2.3 (1.5-3.7)

7.0 (5.1-9.4)

9.3 (7.4-11.7)

  

 <3/60

0.6 (0.4-0.9)

0.1 (0.0-0.7)

0.3 (0.1-1.6)

0.1 (0.0-0.4)

0.2 (0.1-0.5)

1.7 (1.0-3.0)

2.8 (1.8-4.5)

  

Objective NVA

       

<0.001

<0.001

 Smallest letter

68.8 (66.4-71.1)

84.7 (81.0-87.99

80.0 (76.5-83.1)

59.6 (55.8-63.3)

53.7 (49.1-58.3)

43.0 (38.0-48.1)

33.8 (30.1-37.6)

  

 Medium letter

28.6 (26.5-30.9)

14.5 (11.5-18.2)

18.6 (15.6-22.0)

38.1 (34.4-41.9)

43.4 (39.2-47.8)

50.8 (46.0-55.5)

57.9 (53.6-62.1)

  

 Large letter

2.1 (1.6-2.7)

0.5 (0.2-1.7)

1.4 (0.6-2.9)

2.1 (1.3-3.3)

2.3 (1.4-3.8)

5.1 (3.9-6.8)

5.9 (4.5-7.7)

  

 Not large letter

0.5 (0.3-0.8)

0.2 (0.0-1.4)

0

0.2 (0.1-0.8)

0.5 (0.2-1.4)

1.1 (0.5-2.4)

2.5 (1.5-4.1)

  

Subjective DVA

       

<0.001

<0.001

 None

87.8 (86.3-89.3)

93.2 (89.7-95.6)

93.4 (90.9-95.3)

89.9 (87.2-92.0)

83.9 (80.4-86.8)

78.5 (74.8-81.8)

67.5 (62.8-71.9)

  

 Mild

8.3 (7.1-9.6)

5.4 (3.4-8.5)

5.0 (3.4-7.2)

8.2 (6.2-10.9)

12.0 (9.5-15.1)

14.1 (11.6-16.9)

17.0 (13.9-20.6)

  

 Moderate

2.8 (2.3-3.5)

0.8 (0.2-3.4)

1.4 (0.8-2.6)

1.5 (0.9-2.5)

3.2 (2.2-4.5)

5.7 (4.2-7.6)

10.7 (8.8-13.1)

  

 Severe

1.1 (0.8-1.4)

0.6 (0.2-1.5)

0.2 (0.2-0.2)

0.4 (0.2-1.1)

1.0 (0.5-1.9)

1.8 (1.1-2.9)

4.7 (3.5-6.3)

  

Subjective NVA

       

<0.001

0.506

 None

89.2 (87.7-90.6)

93.1 (89.7-95.4)

96.2 (94.5-97.3)

88.3 (85.5-90.6)

85.7(82.0-88.8)

81.4 (77.7-84.7)

70.5 (65.6-74.9)

  

 Mild

8.0 (6.8-9.4)

5.4 (3.4-8.6)

3.2 (2.1-4.8)

8.6 (6.6-11.2)

11.4 (8.7-15.0)

13.3 (10.8-16.3)

19.9 (16.4-24.1)

  

 Moderate

2.2 (1.7-2.9)

1.0 (0.3-3.5)

0.6 (0.3-1.6)

2.8 (1.7-4.6)

2.6 (1.7-3.8)

4.4 (3.1-6.3)

7.3 (5.6-9.4)

  

 Severe

0.5 (0.4-0.8)

0.5 (0.2-1.4)

0

0.3 (0.1-0.9)

0.3 (0.1-0.8)

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

2.3 (1.5-3.5)

  
  1. DVA = distance visual acuity; NVA: near visual acuity. NOTE = Subjective visual assessment results were related to problems: none, mild problems, moderate problems, severe problems. Weighted proportion and 95% Confident intervals are shown; p(age) refers to statistical differences in the three age groups; p(sex) refers to differences in gender, with of the age group; subjective visual acuity is assessed as vision problems mentioned by the patient.
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