Parental chronic pain in relation to chronic pain in their adult offspring: family-linkage within the HUNT Study, Norway

Table 3 Odds ratio for offspring chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) associated with any parental CMP

	No CMP	Any Maternal CMP	Any Paternal CMP	Any CMP in both parents
Daughters
Cases/non-cases	535/884	780/801	575/715	1 054/883
Age-adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	1.0	1.6 (1.4 to 1.8)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)	1.9 (1.7 to 2.3)
Multivariably-adjusted OR^b (95% CI)	1.0	1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)	1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)
Sons
Cases/non-cases	367/785	501/744	369/585	665/838
Age-adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	1.0	1.5 (1.2 to 1.7)	1.4 (1.1 to 1.6)	1.7 (1.4 to 2.0)
Multivariably-adjusted OR^b (95% CI)	1.0	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.6)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
^aAdjusted for parental age (continuous) in HUNT2.
^bAdjusted for parental factors in HUNT2; age (continuous), body mass index ([kg/m²] continuous), leisure time physical activity (inactive, low, moderate, high, unknown), psychological well-being (satisfied, somewhat satisfied, dissatisfied, unknown), and education (<10 years, 10–12 years, ≥13 years, unknown).

ISSN: 1471-2458