Table 3 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of worse health than a year ago by socioeconomic characteristics
Characteristic | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Education | Primary or less | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Vocational | 0.73 (0.60-0.88) | 0.73 (0.60-0.88) | 0.75 (0.62-0.91) | |
Secondary | 0.52 (0.43-0.63) | 0.53 (0.44-0.65) | 0.54 (0.45-0.66) | |
University | 0.52 (0.42-0.63) | 0.55 (0.45-0.68) | 0.54 (0.44-0.68) | |
Income quartile | Q1 (lowest) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Q2 | 0.84 (0.70-1.00) | 0.88 (0.74-1.06) | 0.87 (0.72-1.04) | |
Q3 | 0.82 (0.68-0.99) | 0.90 (0.74-1.08) | 0.93 (0.77-1.13) | |
Q4 (highest) | 0.59 (0.47-0.73) | 0.66 (0.53-0.83) | 0.71 (0.56-0.90) | |
Missing | 0.85 (0.68-1.05) | 0.90 (0.72-1.11) | 0.92 (0.73-1.14) | |
Married | Married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Unmarried | 1.42 (1.24-1.62) | 1.31 (1.14-1.50) | 1.22 (1.06-1.41) | |
Ethnicity | Kazakh | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Russia | 0.93 (0.81-1.08) | 0.96 (0.83-1.11) | 0.89 (0.77-1.04) | |
Other | 0.97 (0.78-1.19) | 0.92 (0.74-1.14) | 0.90 (0.73-1.12) | |
Urban | Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Rural | 1.08 (0.95-1.24) | 1.21 (1.05-1.39) | 1.13 (0.98-1.31) | |
Car ownership | No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Yes | 0.66 (0.57-0.75) | 0.69 (0.60-.80) | 0.68 (0.58-0.80) | |
Second house | No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Yes | 0.96 (0.71-1.31) | 1.11 (0.81-1.51) | 1.19 (0.87-1.63) | |
Computer | No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Yes | 0.96 (0.83-1.10) | 1.09 (0.93-1.26) | 1.20 (1.02-1.40) |