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Table 2 Prevalence (%) of chronic conditions, severe physical functioning limitation and high psychological distress in the total group and the lowest and highest income groups, and prevalence differences (PD) and prevalence ratios (PR) (with 95% confidence intervals), amongst males, by age group

From: Income-related inequalities in chronic conditions, physical functioning and psychological distress among older people in Australia: cross-sectional findings from the 45 and up study

 

Age group (years)

 

45-64

65-79

≥80

Heart disease

   

Total

8.52 (8.28-8.76)

24.43 (23.91-24.96)

33.54 (32.63-34.45)

Low income

13.24 (12.39-14.08)

26.47 (25.56-27.38)

31.99 (30.67-33.31)

High income

7.14 (6.80-7.48)

22.58 (21.13-24.03)

35.00 (31.84-38.16)

PD

6.10 (5.17-7.02)

3.89 (2.16-5.62)

-3.01 (-6.44-0.42)

PR

1.85 (1.71-2.01)

1.17 (1.09-1.26)

0.91 (0.83-1.01)

Diabetes

   

Total

7.86 (7.63-8.10)

14.92 (14.48-15.35)

14.28 (13.61-14.96)

Low income

16.02 (15.06-16.98)

19.33 (18.50-20.16)

16.40 (15.36-17.44)

High income

5.66 (5.36-5.97)

9.77 (8.78-10.77)

9.24 (7.31-11.17)

PD

10.36 (9.33-11.38)

9.56 (8.25-10.87)

7.16 (4.96-9.36)

PR

2.83 (2.61-3.07)

1.98 (1.77-2.21)

1.78 (1.43-2.21)

Cancer

   

Total

1.75 (1.64-1.86)

4.92 (4.66-5.18)

7.01 (6.52-7.51)

Low income

3.23 (2.77-3.68)

5.49 (5.02-5.96)

7.06 (6.33-7.78)

High income

1.45 (1.29-1.60)

4.08 (3.40-4.76)

5.78 (4.24-7.31)

PD

1.78 (1.29-2.26)

1.41 (0.58-2.24)

1.28 (0.42-2.98)

PR

2.23 (1.86-2.67)

1.35 (1.12-1.62)

1.22 (0.92-1.62)

Osteoarthritis

   

Total

2.91 (2.76-3.05)

7.45 (7.13-7.77)

11.12 (10.51-11.73)

Low income

7.42 (6.73-8.12)

9.16 (8.56-9.76)

11.95 (11.04-12.87)

High income

1.85 (1.68-2.03)

5.84 (5.04-6.65)

10.24 (8.20-12.27)

PD

5.57 (4.85-6.29)

3.32 (2.30-4.34)

1.72 (0.52-3.96)

PR

4.01 (3.50-4.59)

1.57 (1.34-1.83)

1.17 (0.94-1.45)

Parkinson’s disease

   

Total

0.28 (0.23-0.33)

1.19 (1.05-1.32)

1.70 (1.45-1.95)

Low income

0.60 (0.39-0.80)

1.41 (1.16-1.65)

1.72 (1.35-2.09)

High income

0.17 (0.12-0.23)

1.33 (0.91-1.74)

1.48 (0.68-2.28)

PD

0.43 (0.21-0.64)

0.08 (-0.40-0.57)

0.24 (-0.64-1.12)

PR

3.45 (2.14-5.55)

1.06 (0.74-1.52)

1.16 (0.65-2.08)

Severe physical functioning limitation

   

Total

6.42 (6.22-6.62)

12.69 (12.27-13.11)

29.86 (28.88-30.83)

Low income

31.12 (29.76-32.48)

21.46 (20.52-22.4)

35.42 (33.88-36.95)

High income

1.89 (1.71-2.06)

4.36 (3.64-5.07)

18.89 (16.12-21.66)

PD

29.23 (27.86-30.61)

17.10 (15.91-18.30)

16.53 (13.35-19.70)

PR

16.51 (14.9-18.29)

4.93 (4.15-5.85)

1.87 (1.61-2.18)

High psychological distress

   

Total

7.68 (7.45-7.91)

4.61 (4.34-4.88)

4.61 (4.15-5.08)

Low income

28.13 (26.77-29.48)

8.58 (7.92-9.24)

5.85 (5.07-6.63)

High income

3.94 (3.70-4.18)

1.36 (0.97-1.75)

1.92 (0.92-2.93)

PD

24.19 (22.81-25.57)

7.21 (6.44-7.98)

3.93 (2.66-5.20)

PR

7.15 (6.61-7.73)

6.29 (4.68-8.46)

3.04 (1.78-5.22)

  1. Notes: 1. Severe physical functioning limitation is a score <60 on the MOS-PF 2. High psychological distress is a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score of ≥22. 3. Analyses are weighted for age group, sex and region, and adjusted for age (5-year age groups) and country of birth.