Assessing the construct validity and reliability of the parental perception on antibiotics (PAPA) scales

BMC Public Health

Table 1 EFA and CFA Loadings

Items	Loadings		Mean (SD)	Items	Loadings		Mean (SD)
Items	β	u	Mean (SD)	Items	β	u	Mean (SD)
KB1	-0.646	-0.627	2.8 (1.2)	B1	^a	-0.443	1.6 (1.0)
KB2	-0.367	-0.631	3.2 (1.2)	B2	-0.617	-0.809	1.7 (1.0)
KB3	-0.292	-0.461	3.3 (1.2)	B3	-0.609	-0.534	1.8 (1.1)
KB4	-0.264	-0.574	3.1 (1.1)	B4	-0.825	-0.874	1.8 (1.1)
KB5	-0.660	-0.687	3.2 (1.1)	B5	-0.318	-0.426	1.6 (1.0)
KB6	-0.679	-0.613	2.9 (1.2)	B6	-0.375	-0.623	1.6 (1.0)
KB7	-0.719	-0.672	2.6 (1.2)	AD1	-0.415	-0.716	1.9 (1.0)
KB8	-0.669	-0.749	3.3 (1.1)	AD2	-0.772	-0.902	2.5 (1.3)
KB9	-0.591	-0.628	3.5 (1.0)	AD3	-0.697	-0.517	2.3 (1.2)
KB10	-0.405	-0.594	3.6 (1.0)	AD4	-0.508	-0.697	2.6 (1.3)
SI1	0.427	0.472	2.7 (1.2)	AD5	-0.306	-0.465	1.7 (0.9)
SI2	0.812	0.759	2.8 (1.2)	ABR1	0.468	0.444	3.8 (1.1)
SI3	0.660	0.621	2.3 (1.0)	ABR2	0.572	0.446	3.3 (1.0)
SI4	0.824	0.773	2.6 (1.1)	ABR3	0.587	0.674	3.8 (1.0)
SI5	0.830	0.789	2.6 (1.1)	ABR4	0.186	0.446	3.7 (1.0)
SI6	0.657	0.556	3.3 (1.1)	ABR5	^b	0.422^c
SI7	0.281	0.479	2.6 (1.2)

Standardized betas (β) from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and loadings (u) from the Exploratory Factors Analysis for the items in the instrument.
All βs in the model are significant at the 0.001 level.
^aThe item was significantly correlated with its factor but had to be removed because it did not load contextually on the construct.
^bItem was removed from the CFA model because it was not significant.
^cItems associated with negative loadings in the EFA were reversed scored to get the positive loadings in CFA.
Abbreviations: KB Knowledge and beliefs, B Behaviors, SI Seeking Information, AD Adherence, ABR Awareness about Antibiotics Resistance.

ISSN: 1471-2458