Table 1 Subject characteristics for 4581 children of different ethnicities in the Generation R Study
Total (n = 4581) | Dutch (n = 3126) | Turkish (n = 474) | Moroccan (n = 351) | Cape Verdean (n = 199) | Antillean/Surinamese Creole (n = 295) | Surinamese-Hindustani (n = 136) | p-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic variables | |||||||||
Mothers education | % low | 9.0 | 2.6 | 32.8 | 24.2 | 21.8 | 12.5 | 14.1 | <0.001 |
% middle | 43.3 | 34.7 | 53.7 | 62.1 | 66.3 | 70.6 | 71.9 | ||
% high | 17.7 | 62.7 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 11.9 | 17.0 | 14.1 | ||
Household income | % low | 24.1 | 8.6 | 63.5 | 67.9 | 64.6 | 67.0 | 51.5 | <0.001 |
Material hardship | % yes | 18.1 | 9.2 | 46.0 | 36.8 | 41.1 | 45.3 | 32.0 | <0.001 |
Single motherhood | % yes | 11.2 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 48.2 | 53.2 | 23.0 | <0.001 |
Other parental characteristics | |||||||||
BMI mother | In kg/m2 | 23.7 (4.3) | 23.1 (3.8) | 25.2 (5.1) | 25.3 (4.6) | 23.8 (3.9) | 24.6 (5.2) | 23.5 (4.7) | <0.001 |
BMI father | In kg/m2 | 25.2 (3.5) | 25.1 (3.3) | 26.3 (4.0) | 25.8 (3.8) | 24.5 (3.1) | 25.3 (3.9) | 24.5 (3.6) | <0.001 |
Pregnancy smoking | % yes | 11.0 | 10.4 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 0.01 |
Birth characteristics | |||||||||
Birth weight | In grams | 3449 (550) | 3500 (553) | 3393 (492) | 3518 (471) | 3271 (531) | 3221 (558) | 3041 (516) | <0.001 |
Gestational age | In weeks | 40.0 (1.7) | 40.0 (1.7) | 39.9 (1.6) | 40.3 (1.5) | 39.9 (1.4) | 39.6 (1.8) | 39.4 (1.5) | <0.001 |
Risk factors in infancy | |||||||||
Breastfeeding at 6 months | % yes | 28.8 | 29.6 | 37.3 | 25.9 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 17.0 | <0.001 |
Child overweight | Age 2 | 11.3 | 9.2 | 21.4 | 20.7 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 3.0 | <0.001 |
Age 2.5 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 26.3 | 17.3 | 20.8 | 10.2 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
Age 3 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 23.3 | 17.9 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 1.2 | <0.001 | |
Age 3.5 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 28.1 | 14.0 | 12.5 | 10.0 | 4.5 | <0.001 | |
Age 4 | 12.1 | 9.2 | 23.1 | 18.9 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 8.0 | <0.001 | |