Skip to main content

Table 2 Crude and covariate-adjusted * hazard ratios of mortality risk associated with insomnia, during 14 years follow-up of the Hordaland Health Study (1997-1999)

From: Midlife insomnia and subsequent mortality: the Hordaland health study

 

Hazard ratio

95% confidence intervals

Adjustment variables:

  

  Crude (insomnia only)

2.74

1.75 – 4.30

  Age, gender and education

2.82

1.79 – 4.44

  Health behaviorsa

2.59

1.75 – 4.30

  Shift/night-work

2.97

1.87 - 4.72

  Body mass index

2.71

1.73 – 4.26

  Somatic diagnosisb

2.67

1.70 – 4.20

  Somatic symptoms

2.74

1.67 – 4.54

  Musculoskeletal pain

2.88

1.80 – 4.59

  Mental disordersc

2.59

1.54 – 4.35

  Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms

2.86

1.82 – 4.51

  Sleep medications

2.94

1.84 – 4.70

  Sleep duration

2.20

1.26 – 3.86

  Fully adjusted analyses

3.34

1.67 – 6.69

  1. *Covariates are adjusted for one by one. Fully adjusted analyses include all covariates.
  2. aSmoking, alcohol, and physical exercise.
  3. bSystolic blood pressure, myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, diabetes.
  4. cAnxiety and depression symptom load.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us