Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics according to insomnia status in the Hordaland Health Study, Norway, 1997-1999 #
From: Midlife insomnia and subsequent mortality: the Hordaland health study
Characteristics | No insomnia | Insomnia | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
N, % | 5887, 94.4% | 349, 5.6% | |
Age§ | 42.6 (1.5) | 42.6 (1.5) | .67 |
Women | 61.3% | 71.8% | <.001 |
Education | .014 | ||
Compulsory | 16.9% | 23.0% | |
High school | 45.8% | 42.2% | |
College/university | 37.3% | 34.9% | |
Number of daily smoked cigarettes§ | 11.0 (6.7) | 12.7 (7.1) | <.001 |
Alcohol consumption† | .77 | ||
0 units/week | 8.3% | 9.4% | |
1-2 units/week | 32.6% | 32.2% | |
3-4 units/week | 31.5% | 29.5% | |
≥ 5 units/week | 27.6% | 28.9% | |
Physical activity | <.001 | ||
No or easy | 13.5% | 22.7% | |
Moderate | 42.5% | 38.8% | |
Heavy | 44.0% | 38.5% | |
Shift/night-work | 24.2% | 24.1% | .98 |
Body-mass index (BMI)§ | 25.2 (3.8) | 25.6 (4.5) | .030 |
Systolic blood pressure§ | 126.3 (14.5) | 125.9 (14.4) | .64 |
Myocardial infarction | 0.3% | 0.3% | .60 |
Angina | 0.4% | 1.4% | .013 |
Stroke | 0.2% | 0.6% | .22 |
Diabetes | 0.8% | 1.1% | .36 |
Somatic symptoms§ | 10.2 (7.1) | 21.2 (9.1) | <.001 |
Musculoskeletal pain | 13.7% | 43.4% | <.001 |
Anxiety score§ | 4.0 (2.9) | 8.9 (3.9) | <.001 |
Depression score § | 2.7 (2.5) | 6.3 (3.7) | <.001 |
Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms | 4.6% | 14.7% | <.001 |
Daily sleep medications use (months)§ | 0.1 (2.0) | 1.7 (5.8) | <.001 |
Sleep medications (ATC-subgroup N05C) | 0.1% | 5.2% | <.001 |
Sleep duration | <.001 | ||
< 5.5 hours | 2.9% | 13.5% | |
5.5-6.5 hours | 15.3% | 26.3% | |
6.5-7.5 hours | 48.0% | 36.5% | |
7.5-8.5 hours | 28.8% | 15.7% | |
> 8.5 hours | 5.1% | 8.0% |