Table 1 Assessment of health promotion competencies (assessment/evaluation and health behavior change strategies and interventions) for entry-level health professionals in their program curricula
Health behavior | Assessment and outcome evaluation | Overall hours Theory: Practical: Clinical | Health behavior change strategies and interventions | Overall hours Theory: Practical: Clinical |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | Goal: Non smoker | Readiness-to-change stage-based interventions | ||
Non smoker | Pre-contemplative stage | |||
→ 5 R’s (Relevance, Risks, | ||||
Ever smoked, if so, how much for how long Number of quit attempts | Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetition) | |||
Contemplative/preparation/action stages | ||||
→ 5 A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) | ||||
Smoker: how much for how long | Formal established training program in smoking cessation, e.g., http://www.quit.org.nz/94/helping-others-quit/health-professionals | |||
Number of quit attempts | ||||
Equivalent of ‘The Why Test’ to establish motivation for smoking | Advice, e.g., cutting back, setting a quit date, garnering social support, goal setting, developing competing interests, e.g., exercise | |||
Readiness to quit | ||||
Nicotine replacement therapy | ||||
Counseling strategies: | ||||
Motivational interviewing | ||||
Cognitive behavior therapy | ||||
Acceptance commitment therapy | ||||
Other: e.g., quit blogs | ||||
Nutrition | Goal: Healthy body mass and body fat, and healthy lean tissue | Readiness-to-change stage-based interventions | ||
Pre-contemplative stage | ||||
→ 5 R’s | ||||
Body mass index | Contemplative/preparation/action stages | |||
Waist-hip ratio | ||||
Servings of vegetables daily | → 5 A’s | |||
Goal: >5 A-Day | Counseling strategies: | |||
Servings of fruit daily | Motivational interviewing | |||
Whole grains servings daily | Cognitive behavior therapy | |||
Acceptance commitment therapy | ||||
Low red meat and processed meat consumption | ||||
Readiness to eat more healthily | Other: | |||
Activity and exercise | Goal: ↓ Sedentary activity | Readiness-to-change stage-based interventions | ||
Pre-contemplative stage | ||||
↑ Regular physical activity daily and structured exercise 3-5 x/wk | → 5 R’s | |||
Contemplative/preparation/action stages | ||||
→ 5 A’s | ||||
Walks around hourly during periods of prolonged sitting | Counseling strategies: | |||
Motivational interviewing | ||||
Cognitive behavior therapy | ||||
Acceptance commitment therapy | ||||
Hours of prolonged sitting work day | Other: | |||
Hours of regular physical activity | ||||
Moderately-intense activity | ||||
Regular structured exercise | ||||
Aerobic | ||||
Strength | ||||
Yoga/tai chi | ||||
Readiness to be more active | ||||
Sleep | Goal: 7-9 h/night | Readiness-to-change stage-based interventions | ||
Average number of hours | Pre-contemplative stage | |||
→ 5 R’s | ||||
Average number of times up at night | Contemplative/preparation/action stages | |||
→ 5 A’s | ||||
Quality of sleep overall (0 =worst to 10=best) | ||||
Counseling strategies: | ||||
Readiness to improve sleep quality and quantity | Motivational interviewing | |||
Cognitive behavior therapy | ||||
Acceptance commitment therapy | ||||
Other: | ||||
Mental health (anxiety and stress) | Goal: Feels unhurried and can manage stress most days | Readiness-to-change stage-based interventions | ||
Pre-contemplative stage | ||||
→ 5 R’s | ||||
Daily irritations | Contemplative/preparation/action stages | |||
Life challenges Holmes Rahe Stress test | → 5 A’s | |||
Counseling strategies: | ||||
Readiness to reduce stress | Motivational interviewing | |||
Cognitive behavior therapy | ||||
Acceptance commitment therapy | ||||
Other: |