|  | Men |  | Women |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Renal effect markersa | Explanatory variables | Bb(95% CIc) | P | Bb(95% CIc) | P |
β2-MG (μg/g Creat) | Urinary Cd (μg/g Creat) | 0.06 (0.02-0.10) | 0.002 | 0.05 (0.02-0.08) | 0.001 |
 | Age (yrs) | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.02-0.05) | <0.001 |
 | Smoking habit (/non-smokers) |  |  |  | |
 | Ex-smokers | 0.99 (-0.01-1.99) | 0.053 | 0.64 (0.19-1.09) | 0.005 |
 | Smokers | 1.28 (0.31-2.26) | 0.010 | 0.56 (0.11-1.00) | 0.015 |
β2-MG (μg/g Creat) | Blood Cd (μg/L) | 0.07 (0.02-0.11) | 0.003 | 0.07 (0.03-0.11) | <0.001 |
 | Age (yrs) | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.02-0.05) | <0.001 |
 | Smoking habit (/non-smokers) |  |  |  |  |
 | Ex-smokers | 0.93 (-0.08-1.94) | 0.070 | 0.55 (0.10-1.00) | 0.017 |
 | Smokers | 1.15 (0.16-2.14) | 0.023 | 0.41 (-0.04-0.86) | 0.077 |
NAG (IU/g Creat) | Urinary Cd (μg/g Creat) | 0.03 (0.02-0.05) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.02-0.03) | <0.001 |
 | Age (yrs) | 0.02 (0.01-0.02) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.01-0.02) | <0.001 |
 | Smoking habit (/non-smokers) |  |  |  | |
 | Ex-smokers | 0.18 (-0.11-0.47) | 0.228 | 0.13 (-0.01-0.27) | 0.078 |
 | Smokers | 0.12 (-0.17-0.40) | 0.418 | 0.15 (0.00-0.29) | 0.045 |
NAG (IU/g Creat) | Blood Cd (μg/L) | 0.03 (0.01-0.04) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.01-0.04) | <0.001 |
 | Age (yrs) | 0.02 (0.01-0.02) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.01-0.02) | <0.001 |
 | Smoking habit (/non-smokers) |  |  |  |  |
 | Ex-smokers | 0.17 (-0.13-0.47) | 0.272 | 0.10 (-0.05-0.24) | 0.202 |
 | Smokers | 0.08 (-0.22-0.37) | 0.608 | 0.09 (-0.05-0.24) | 0.210 |