Table 1 Study characteristics of primary studies
Study | Year | Country | Aim | Location | Type of setting | Data collection period | Data collection method | Sampling strategy | Analysis | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allen J, et al. [61] | 2011 | USA | To describe parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and decision-making with regard to obtaining the HPV vaccine for their daughters | Health and social service agencies, Boston | Community-based | February 2008 to May 2008 | Focus groups | Convenience | Grounded theory | Medium |
Bair R, et al. [51] | 2008 | USA | To describe Latina mothers’ acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters and explore their knowledge base regarding HPV-related issues | One urban, paediatric primary care clinic | Healthcare-based | November 2004 to March 2005 | Interviews | Convenience | Thematic analysis | Medium |
Brabin L, et al. [53] | 2007 | UK | To investigate parents’ views on making available HPV vaccination to adolescent minors at sexual health clinics without parental consent | 26 schools, city of Manchester | School-based | Not described | Semi-qualitative, questionnaire data | Convenience | Thematic analysis | Low |
Brown E, et al. [55] | 2009 | UK | To explore GPs’ and practice nurses’ views of HPV vaccination, prior to implementation of the national immunisation programme, with a focus on their role and anticipated difficulties | Two general practices, Hampshire and Wiltshire | Healthcare-based | March 2008 | Interviews | Convenience | Constant comparison and thematic analysis | Medium |
Bynum S, et al. [31] | 2009 | USA | To explore adolescent girls and young women knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding HPV infection and vaccination, Pap tests, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia | One teen clinic, Columbia, South Carolina | Healthcare-based | January 2007 to April 2007 | Interviews | Purposive | Constant comparison | High |
Chan Z, et al. [30] | 2011 | Hong Kong | To explore the experience and attitudes of physicians in clinics, and to facilitate physicians’ promotion of HPV vaccination | One district, Hong Kong | Healthcare-based | May 2010 to June 2010 | Interviews | Convenience | Phenomenological approach | Medium |
Colgrove J, et al. [23] | 2010 | USA | To identify the factors that were most influential in determining how states acted on the issue of mandates | Six states | Government-based | August 2008 to May 2009 | Interviews | Purposive | Thematic content analysis | Medium |
Constantine N, et al. [50] | 2007 | USA | To examine likelihood of parental acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination for young adolescent girls, together with reasons for acceptance and non acceptance | Households, California | Community-based | March 2006 to September 2006 | Semi-qualitative, questionnaire data | Random-digit-dial | Grounded theory | High |
Cooper Robbins S, et al. [43] | 2010 | Australia | To explore experiences, knowledge, attitudes, decision-making processes, and contextual factors related to consent to vaccination and vaccination completion | Three schools, city of Sydney, New South Wales | School-based | September 2008 to June 2009 | Focus groups, interviews and observations | Purposive | Constant comparison and thematic analysis | Low |
Cooper Robbins S, et al. [64] | 2010 | Australia | To explore experiences, knowledge, attitudes, decision-making processes, and contextual factors related to consent to vaccination and vaccination completion | Three schools, city of Sydney, New South Wales | School-based | September 2008 to June 2009 | Focus groups, interviews and observations | Purposive | Constant comparison and thematic analysis | Low |
Dempsey M, et al. [49] | 2009 | USA | To compare the reasons why mothers do or do not have their adolescent daughters vaccinated against HPV | Outpatient family medicine or paediatrics clinics, University of Michigan’s healthcare system | Healthcare-based | January 2007 to March 2007 | Interviews | Purposive | Content and thematic analysis | Medium |
Do H, et al. [36] | 2009 | USA | To address HPV vaccine knowledge and beliefs among Cambodians living in Seattle, Washington | Seattle, Washington | Community-based | 2008 | Focus groups and interviews | Convenience | Thematic analysis | High |
D’Souza C, et al. [37] | 2011 | Australia | To examine the development and delivery of a message targeting voluntary behaviour change | Northern Metropolitan local government region of Melbourne | Community-based | Not described | Focus groups | Not described | Health belief model | High |
Friedman A, et al. [62] | 2007 | USA | To collect data on the general public’s knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding HPV and a hypothetical HPV vaccine and to explore their communication preferences | Six geographically dispersed sites. | Community-based | 2003 | Focus groups | Randomly selected | Thematic analysis | High |
Gordon D, et al. [44] | 2011 | UK | To explore attitudes to human papillomavirus vaccination and reasons for accepting or declining the vaccine in the British Jewish community | Two Jewish schools, North London | School-based | June 2010 to September 2010 | Interviews | Purposive | Framework analysis | Low |
Gottvall M, et al. [39] | 2011 | Sweden | To investigate school nurses’ perceptions of HPV immunisation, and their task of administering the vaccine in a planned school-based program in Sweden | Five strategically chosen municipalities, Sweden | School-based | April 2010 to June 2010 | Focus groups | Convenience | Content analysis | Medium |
Hilton S, et al. [58] | 2011 | UK | To offer insights into adolescent girls’ understanding of HPV, its link with cervical cancer, and experiences of vaccination | Two regions in Scotland (Strathclyde and Lothian) and one region in England (London) | Community-based | December 2009 to May 2010 | Focus groups | Convenience | Framework analysis | Low |
Hilton S, et al. [42] | 2011 | UK | To offer insights from school nurses’ perspectives and experiences of delivering this new vaccination programme | National | Healthcare-based | September 2008 to May 2009 | Interviews | Convenience and snowballing | Constant comparison | Low |
Hughes C, et al. [41] | 2011 | USA | To generate hypotheses to inform interventions to increase vaccine receipt | Multi-state, hospital-owned, primary care practice based research network | Healthcare-based | March 2010 and June 2010 | Interviews | Convenience | Grounded theory approach | Low |
Humiston S, et al. [25] | 2009 | USA | To assess health care providers’ attitudes and practices regarding adolescent immunizations, including factors that either impede or facilitate vaccination | Monroe County, New York | Healthcare-based | 2005 | Focus groups and interviews | Not described | Grounded theory | Medium |
Hutson S, et al. [60] | 2011 | USA | To investigate communication and cultural issues that may influence vaccine uptake among southern Appalachian women and explore their perceptions of HPV, cervical cancer and vaccination | Southern Appalachia | Community-based | October 2007 to August 2008 | Interviews and focus groups | Convenience | Content analysis | Medium |
Javanbakht M, et al. [28] | 2012 | USA | To explore healthcare providers perspectives on factors influencing HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in a community with high cervical cancer rates | Two clinics in Los Angeles | Healthcare-based | March 2009 to May 2009 | Interviews | Convenience | Grounded theory approach | Medium |
Kahn J, et al. [40] | 2007 | USA | To describe the range of pediatricians’ attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccines and to explore factors influencing their intention to recommend HPV vaccines | Three states of the United States (Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana) | Healthcare-based | 2005 | Interviews | Purposive | Framework analysis | Low |
Katz M, et al. [34] | 2009 | USA | To assess HPV vaccine acceptability | Ohio Appalachia counties | Community-based | Summer 2007 | Focus groups and interviews | Convenience | Thematic analysis | Medium |
Kwan C, et al. [32] | 2008 | Hong Kong | To explore perceptions towards cervical cancer, human papillomavirus infection and HPV vaccination and to identify factors affecting the acceptability of HPV vaccination among Chinese adolescent girls in Hong Kong | Community youth centre and secondary school | School and community-based | Not described | Focus groups | Purposive | Thematic analysis | Low |
Marlow L, et al. [45] | 2009 | UK | To explore attitudes to HPV vaccination among black and Asian mothers living in Britain | Community health fairs and community groups | Community-based | April 2008 to August 2008 | Interviews | Convenience and snowballing | Framework analysis | Medium |
Mays R, et al. [47] | 2004 | USA | To elicit attitudes from parents on vaccinating children against sexually transmitted infections | Two paediatric clinics, Marion County, Indiana | Healthcare-based | January 2000 to June 2000 | Interviews | Purposive | Content analysis | Medium |
Mishra A, et al. [56] | 2012 | Canada | To illustrate the clinical, political and practical complexities of introducing an new and controversial vaccine | Not described | Healthcare-based | September 2009 to January 2010 | Interviews | Convenience | Thematic analysis | High |
Olshen E, et al. [46] | 2005 | USA | To explore parental views on the human papillomavirus vaccine | One urban, academic adolescent clinic and one suburban, private paediatric practice | Healthcare-based | September 2003 to March 2004 | Focus groups and interviews | Convenience | Content analysis | Medium |
Oscarsson M, et al. [38] | 2011 | Sweden | To explore youth clinic midwives role in cervical cancer prevention and their attitude to HPV vaccination | Two counties, Sweden | Healthcare-based | September 2010 to October 2010 | Interviews | Convenience | Content analysis | Medium |
Perkins R, et al. [29] | 2010 | USA | To explore parents’ opinions of school-entry requirements for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination | One urban, academic medical centre and an affiliated community health centre, Boston | Healthcare-based | June 2007 to February 2008 | Interviews | Purposive | Content analysis and grounded theory | Medium |
Perkins R, et al. [35] | 2010 | USA | To explore low-income minority parents’ attitudes, intentions, and actions with regard to human papillomavirus vaccination for their daughters | One urban, academic medical centre and an affiliated community health centre, Boston | Healthcare-based | June 2007 to February 2008 | Interviews | Purposive | Content analysis and grounded theory | Low |
Quinn T, et al. [27] | 2012 | USA | To conduct a qualitative examination of free text provider comments from a national survey of U.S. Physicians | National | Healthcare-based | 2009 | Semi-qualitative, questionnaire data | Not described | Grounded theory | Medium |
Stretch R, et al. [57] | 2009 | UK | To seek the views of school nurses on vaccinating girls who did not have parental consent | Two primary care trusts, northern England | Healthcare-based | July 2008 | Interviews | Convenience | Thematic analysis | Low |
Shafer A, et al. [63] | 2011 | USA | To develop HPV vaccine messages for a campaign targeting racially diverse mothers of nonvaccinated 11 to 12 year olds | Rural Southeastern United States | Community-based | Not described | Focus groups | Not described | Constant comparison | High |
Sussman A, et al. [59] | 2007 | USA | To better understand the implications for counselling about cervical cancer prevention by primary care clinicians who care for adolescents | New Mexico | Healthcare-based | July 2004 to May 2005 | Focus groups | Purposive | Thematic analysis | Medium |
Teitelman A, et al. [33] | 2011 | USA | To identify common beliefs about HPV vaccine initiation and describe the relationship between attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to receive HPV vaccine | Family planning, prenatal, or paediatric outpatient site for predominantly low-income patients. | Healthcare-based | Not described | Focus groups | Convenience | Content analysis | High |
Tissot A, et al. [26] | 2007 | USA | To examine pediatricians’ views about key issues related to HPV vaccine delivery and identify their strategies for effective vaccine delivery | Three states of the United States (Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana) | Healthcare-based | Summer 2005 | Interviews | Purposive | Framework analysis | Low |
Toffolon-Weiss M, et al. [48] | 2008 | USA | To describe Alaska Native parents’ knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus and the HPV vaccine | Three Alaskan communities | Community-based | January 2007 to March 2007 | Focus groups | Convenience | Not described | High |
Waller J, et al. [52] | 2006 | UK | To investigate responses to information about the HPV vaccine among mothers of daughters aged 8 to 14 years | Not described | Community-based | August and November 2005 | Focus groups | Convenience and snowballing | Framework analysis | Medium |
Williams K, et al. [54] | 2010 | UK | To explore knowledge about human papillomavirus and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among girls who were part of the ‘catch-up’ vaccination programme | One further education college and one state school | School-based | March 2009 to May 2009 | Interviews | Purposive | Framework analysis | Medium |