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Table 3 Odds ratio of systolic and diastolic hypertension by psychosocial stress

From: Relationship between psychosocial stress and hypertension among Ghanaians in Amsterdam, the Netherlands – the GHAIA study

 

Systolic hypertension

Diastolic hypertension

 

OR (95% CI) unadjusted

p-value

OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, sex & BMI

p-value

OR (95% CI) unadjusted

p-value

OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, sex & BMI

p-value

Level of perceived discrimination

        

 -low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 -moderate

1.55 (0.66 – 3.60)

0.31

1.46 (0.59 – 3.62)

0.41

1.51 (0.59 – 3.87)

0.40

1.91 (0.66 – 5.54)

0.23

 -high

1.46 (0.69 – 3.10)

0.32

1.49 (0.66 – 3.37)

0.34

0.72 (0.29 – 1.83)

0.49

0.87 (0.32 – 2.40)

0.79

Depressive symptoms

        

 -minimal

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 -mild

0.44 (0.18 – 1.07)

0.07

0.50 (0.19 – 1.28)

0.15

0.98 (0.38 – 2.54)

0.96

0.75 (0.25 – 2.19)

0.59

 moderate

0.29 (0.06 – 1.38)

0.12

0.32 (0.06 – 1.63)

1.17

0.34 (0.04 – 2.80)

0.32

0.32 (0.04 – 2.96)

0.32

Financial stress, overall

0.99 (0.50 –1.96)

0.97

0.88(0.42 – 1.84)

0.73

0.83 (0.36 – 1.90)

0.66

0.78 (0.31 – 1.92)

0.59

Financial burden from Ghana

1.08 (0.47 – 2.51)

0.85

0.88 (0.34 – 2.24)

0.79

0.91 (0.32 – 2.58)

0.86

0.93 (0.28 – 3.15)

0.91

  1. Low level of perceived discrimination and minimal depressive symptoms are the reference groups.