Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for wheezing in Taiwanese adolescents
Variables | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Ever wheezing | Current wheezing | Wheezing with exercise | |
Sex | |||
Female | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Male | 1.46 (1.44–1.49) | 1.44 (1.41–1.47) | 1.09 (1.08–1.11) |
Age (years) | |||
12 | 1.13 (1.09–1.16) | 1.25 (1.20–1.30) | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) |
13 | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | 1.15 (1.11–1.18) |
14 | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) |
15 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Parental education | |||
Elementary or less | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Junior high | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) |
Senior high | 1.28 (1.25–1.31) | 1.17 (1.13–1.20) | 0.92 (0.89–0.94) |
College or above | 1.93 (1.88–1.98) | 1.49 (1.44–1.54) | 0.91 (0.89–0.94) |
Household cigarettes (per day) | |||
0 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
1–20 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) |
21–40 | 1.21 (1.16–1.25) | 1.35 (1.29–1.41) | 1.48 (1.43–1.54) |
≥41 | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | 1.66 (1.54–1.78) | 1.90 (1.80–2.02) |
Birth weight (g) | |||
<2500 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.07 (1.003–1.14) | 1.16 (1.10–1.22) |
2500–3999 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
≥4000 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) |
Gestation age (weeks) | |||
<37 | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
≥37 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Birth order | |||
1 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
2 | 0.89 (0.88–0.91) | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
3 | 0.79 (0.78–0.81) | 0.81 (0.79–0.84) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) |
≥4 | 0.74 (0.72–0.77) | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) |