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Table 5 Odds ratios for the likelihood of multimorbidity (3 or more chronic conditions) by number of unhealthy lifestyle factors (ULF), adjusted for age, socioeconomic class, and education (p = 0.003 for interaction with sex in a model with men and women together)

From: Lifestyle factors and multimorbidity: a cross sectional study

 

Men

Women

Number of ULFs

p

Odds ratio

95% CI*

p

Odds ratio

95% CI

 0-1

-

1

 

-

1

 

 2

0.178

2.24

0.69-7.21

0.036

1.95

1.05-3.62

 3

0.058

2.93

0.96-8.94

0.003

2.53

1.36-4.71

 4-5

0.004

5.23

1.70-16.1

0.001

3.39

1.65-6.95

Covariates

      

Age

0.000

1.07

1.04-1.10

0.000

1.12

1.09-1.15

Socioeconomic class

      

 Elite group

-

  

-

  

 Middle-high

0.750

0.90

0.47-1.73

0.269

1.40

0.77-2.55

 Middle-low

0.922

0.96

0.39-2.36

0.173

1.81

0.77-4.24

 Low

0.565

1.34

0.50-3.58

0.041

2.74

1.04-7.20

Education

      

 Incomplete secondary school or lower

-

  

-

  

 Completed secondary school

0.691

1.13

0.61-2.10

0.410

1.31

0.69-2.49

 College

0.860

1.08

0.44-2.67

0.740

1.16

0.48-2.85

 University

0.279

0.63

0.28-1.45

0.642

0.81

0.35-1.91

  1. *CI = Confidence interval.