Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (N = 467) categorized by level of Health literacy (HL)
Total, n = 467 | Adequate, n = 246(%) | Marginal, n = 137(%) | Inadequate, n = 84(%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean (S.D.) | 61.4(10.4) | 58.9(11.1)*† | 61.7(8.5)*‡ | 68.3(7.4)†‡ |
Gender, Female | 255(54.6) | 115(46.8)*† | 81(59.1)*‡ | 59(70.2)†‡ |
Education > compulsory school | 180(38.5) | 129(53.4)*† | 45(32.8)*‡ | 6(7.1)†‡ |
Household income above average | 226(48.4) | 153(62.2)*† | 61(44.5)* | 12(14.3)† |
Duration of DM, years (S.D) | 9.3(7.3) | 8.7(7.0)† | 9.1(7.3) | 11.3(7.5)† |
With family history of DM | 285(61.0) | 157(63.8)† | 88(64.2)‡ | 40(47.6)†‡ |
With complications | 224(52.6) | 111(50.9) | 64(50.4) | 49(60.5) |
With comorbidities | 376(88.5) | 188(86.2) | 117(92.1) | 71(88.8) |
Initial HbA1c%, Mean (S.D.) | 9.1(2.2) | 9.0(2.1)† | 8.8(2.2)‡ | 9.6(2.5)†‡ |
Current HbA1c%, Mean (S.D.) | 7.8(1.6) | 7.8(1.6) | 7.8(1.7) | 7.8(1.5) |
Medications for controlling DM | ||||
Hypoglycemia agents | 366(78.4) | 198(80.5) | 110(80.3) | 58(69.0) |
Insulin | 40(8.6) | 21(8.5) | 7(5.2) | 12(14.3) |
Hypoglycemia agents and insulin | 61(13.1) | 27(11.0) | 20(14.6) | 14(16.7) |
Better understanding of health education and instruction | 375(80.3) | 220(89.4)*† | 103(75.2)*‡ | 52(61.9)†‡ |